MIECZYSLAW, ml-chfs'lav (MISEC0, MIESKO): First Christian ruler of Poland, died 992. When defeated in 963 by the Wends, he sought protection from the German Emperor Otto I. by submission to him. He married in 966 Dambrowka, sister of Boleslaw II., duke of Bohemia, and the next year accepted Christianity of the Greek-oriental type, ordering all his subjects to receive baptism. Owing to the increasing closeness of his relations with Germany, and particularly to his second marriage to Oda, daughter of Dietrich, margrave of Saxony, he abandoned the Greek form of Christianity for the Latin, and the latter became largely influential among his subjects. (See Poland, Christianity In.)

MIGETIUS (MINGENTIUS): Spanish heretic of the eighth century; d. Probably soon after 785. He is known only from the account given by his bitter opponent Elipandus of Toledo, who states that he assumed three bodily persons in the Trinity: the Father (David), the Son (Jesus, of the seed of David), and the Holy Ghost (Paul), thus positing a threefold historical manifestation of the one God. He also taught that the priest must be absolutely free from sin, and that the faithful must not defile themselves by eating with the unfaithful, while he defended the ecclesiastical prohibition against tasting the blood of beasts. He was evidently an opponent of the doctrine of predestination, and zealously defended the Roman Church, which had been almost completely cut off from the Spanish by the Saracen dominion. About this same period, to reunite the two churches, Wilchar, archbishop of Sens, with the approval of Pope Adrian, had consecrated a certain Egila bishop and sent him to Spain. Here Egila, who was offended by the mixed marriages, concubinage of the priests, divergent calculation of Easter, and neglect of the canons of the Church, found ties of sympathy with Migetius. The Spaniards, seeking to rid themselves of both, found it easy to declare Migetfus a heretic. He then vanishes from history before the rising importance of the adoptionist controversy, although his followers, the Migetians, are mentioned with the Donatists and Luciferians in the following century.

(A. Hauck.)

Bibliography: The sources are printed in MPL, aovi. 859, 918, ci. 1330. Consult: W. W. von Baudissin, Eulopius and Alear, Leipsic. 1873; Hefelt, Conciliengeschichte, iii 028 sqq.; Hauck, ii. 283; Neander, Chriwian Church, iii. 157. 180; Harnack, Dogma, v. 281.

MIGNE, min, JACQUES PAUL: Roman Catholic theologian; b. at St. Flour (161 m. n.w. of Marseilles), France, Oct. 25, 1800; d. in Paris Oct. 24, 1875. He was educated at the theological seminary in Orléans; became a professor at ChfAteau dun; was ordained priest 1824; and was curate at Puiseaux, in the diocese of Orl&ns. In consequence of a lively controversy with his bishop, caused by a book by Migne on the liberty of the priests, he betook himself to Paris in 1833, and started L'Univers religieux, which later wee named L'Uniroera, but sold it in 1836, and went to petit montrouge, near Paris, where he soon built up an enormous printing-establishment, to which he gave the name Imprimerie catholique. From this proceeded, at low prices and with great rapidity, reprints of the works of the Greek and Latin Fathers, medieval writers, and modern ecclesiastical authors, besides a theological encyclopedia of the most comprehensive description, comprising three different religious dictionaries. The most important of these publications are: Seripturm aacrm curam campktus and Theologise curaus (each 28 vols., published simultaneously 1840-45); Colfedion deb orateura'sner" (99 vols., 184476); Patrologiw cunnta completua (Latin series, 221 vols., 1844-85, with Register by D. Scholarioe, Athens, 1879; Greek series, 161 vols., 1857-8, with Index by A. Kreisberg, Petropolis, 1881); and Encyclopedie th6logique (in three series of 52, 53, and 66 vols., 1844-66). The chief place in these series is taken by the collection of the Fathers, which is valuable mainly as being the one uniform collection which even approaches eom. pletenees. Its worth is diminished by the fact that the best text was not always accessible or was not chosen, so that great differences in textual value are to be reckoned with in using the different volumes. Moreover, the work was done very rap. idly, so that additional defects due to haste mar

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the result. In the establishment of Migne, printing was only one of the operations carried on: organs, statuary, pictures, and other things used in churches were manufactured there. In Feb., 1868, his immense establishment, which employed 300 operatives and many editors, was burned to the ground. In this fire the entire remainders of some volumes of his series were destroyed. The Franco-German war delayed reconstruction, and the business was sold in 1876. The archbishop of Paris some time previously had deemed that the commercial element had become dominant, and had forbidden the continuation of the work, and in 1874 Migne was the object of a Roman decree which carried still further the prohibitions of the archbishop.

Bibliography: (3. Vapelesu, Didimnnassre des contempo rain, p. 1290, Paris, 1880; KL, via. 1510-13.