MARIAMNE, mar"i-am'ne: The name of three women connected with the family of Herod. See Herod and his Family, I., §§ 2-4, II., § 4.

MARIANA, JUAN DE: Spanish Jesuit; b. at Talavera de la Reina (68 m. s.w. of Madrid) 1536; d. at Toledo Feb. 17, 1624. He entered the order of Jesus in 1554, and seven years later was appointed professor at the Collegium Romanum, where his chief subject was exegesis, in which his ability was shown by his Scholia in Vetus et Novum Testamentum (Madrid, 1619). In 1565 he was transferred to Sicily, and from 1569 to 1574 taught in Paris, where he gained distinction by his leotures on Thomas Aquinas, until his health forced him to return to Spain. The.last fifty years of his life were spent in Toledo, and in this period falls his literary activity. His Historim de rebus HisPania lZra vigintirquirtque (Toledo, 1592; later extended to thirty books, Frankfort, 1603; Eng. transl., to the death of Ferdinand the Catholic, by J. Stephens, 2 vols., London, 1699) won him the title of "the Spanish Livy."

Mariana's fame is chiefly due to his De rege et regis inatitutione libri tree (Toledo, 1599), which, sanctioned by his ecclesiastical superiors, contains one of the boldest defenses ever written of the sovereignty of the ~ people and their right of re bellion against tyranny. The attack made by Mar iana in his De monette mutations on the changes proposed in the coinage by Philip III. resulted in his imprisonment for a year in the Franciscan monastery at Madrid. This tractate, together with six others, some of which were subjected to censor ship, was included in his Tractatus septem t-um the ologici tum politici (Cologne, 1609), which com prises De adventu beati Jacobi Apostoli in HiSpan iam; De editions vulgates sanctorum bZiliomm; De spectaculis; De monette mutations; De die ei anno mortis Christi; De annis Arabum cum nostrils annis eomparatis; and De morte et immortalitate libri tres. In the closing decade of the sixteenth century Mar iana wrote his De errortlus qui in forma guberna tionis Societatis Jesu oemmunt. This was first printed in French at Bordeaux in 1624 during the struggle of the Jesuits with the University of Paris, and later appeared in Latin and Italian, as well as in the original Spanish (Geneva, 1631), but was placed on the Index when the Italian version ap peared in 1628. Mariana was also the author of a number of minor works, and edited the Contra AL bigensium errores of Lucas Tudensis (Ingolstadt, 1612).

O. Zöckler†.

Bibliography: ; F. Buchholz, Juan de Mariana, Berlin, 1804; P. Bayle, Dictionary Historical and Critical, iv. 124-133, London, 1837; L. Ranker B4maiche Wrks, zxiv. 230-236, x=dv. 80 sqq., Leipsic, 1872-73; F. H. Reusch, Index der verbotenen Burner, ii. 281-282, 341- 344, Bonn, 1883; idem, Bed"ge zur Geschichte des JeSuitenordena, pp. 1-23, Munich, 1894; P. Krebs, Die politische Publizistik der Jesuiten pp. 108-121, Hale, 1890; A. and A. de Backer, Biblioth6gue des 6crivaine de la soad6M de J4sus, ed. Sommervogel, v. 547-567, 7 vols. Lit;ge, 1891 sqq.; H. Hurter, Nomenclator literarius recentiorie theologim catholico!, i. 310-312, Innsbruck, 1892; Ranks, Papacy, ii. 8, 88; BL, viii. 795--800.