LUTZ (LUCIUS), SAMUEL: Swiss Pietist; b. at Bern Aug. 10, 1674; d. at Diesabach (neat Thun, 16 m. s.s.e. of Bern) May 28, 1750. He received a thorough classical training from his father, who was pastor at Biglen, but a strong tendency toward mysticism developed early in his life and led him to abandon his original studies. He studied at the University of Bern,. where he came under the influence of the strongly orthodox Rudolf Rudolf, although his personal religious trend was little in accord with the scholastic theology, of his time. Scarcely had the Swiss theologians attempted to reaffirm the orthodoxy of Dart a9 gOntfggted with its modifications by the Saumur school, before a system of Pietism closely allied with that of Germany, though marked by Anabaptist and other eeparatiatic tendencies, began to develop in Switzerland, especially in Bern. After a brief hesitation the government of Bern, which was not inclined to toleration, assumed a position of extreme

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hostility toward the movement, and brought legal penalties to bear upon the Pietists. Among the adherents of Pietism Lutz was especially mentioned. He was a cloy friend of Samuel gSnig, who had been banished for his views four years previously, and it was but natural that he should be placed under surveillance and receive his ordination comparatively late. It was not until 1703 that he was appointed to the obscure pastorate of Yverdun, where he labored twenty-three years, winning the affection and esteem of both the French and German inhabitants of the place. His Pietism nullified the official call to BSthen, Pfalz-Zweibrücken, BVdingen, and Zerbet, and he likewise declined a professorship at Lausanne. In 1728, however, he 'I accepted a call to the pastorate of Ameoldingen I and twelve years later went in a similar capacity to ', Dieaebach, where he spent the remainder of his life.

Although not altogether free from a certain selfcomplacency, Lutz strove with patience, energy, and skill against the formalism prevailing in theological and religious life. His attitude at Yverdun at first excited considerable opposition in the canton of Vaud, especially on account of his admonitions to repentance and conversion, but the government paid scant attention to the complaints lodged against him and even tacitly ignored his reluctance to take the oath rigidly exacted from other pastors. On the other hand, Lutz himself grew more moderate in course of tune, nor was he a reformer of the visible Church, being devoted only to the epiritualitiee of the kingdom of God. In his desire to proclaim his doctrines as widely as possible, he preached in no less than 108 pulpits both in Switzerland and abroad, until it became necessary to direct him to restrict his activity to his own congregation. He attributed special importance to catechetical instruction, and had a daily hour for prayer in his church. He was likewise closely associated with circles of like sympathies in Zurich, Basel, Schaffhausen, St. Gall, and Grieone, in addition to conducting a correspondence with such men as Zinzendorf, DenhBfen, and Heinrich Ernst of Stollberg-Wernigerode, who brought him into contact with Christian VI.

Lute also exercised a powerful influence by his writings, which began to appear in quick succession after 1721. Of these thirty-Six are enumerated without exhausting the lief. The most important were republished in two collections, Wohlriedt t:ttder Stresses von aeh3nen und gesundert Himmela iilumtn (2 vols., Basel, 1738-37) and Ein raelter Stresses (1758). All his works are ascetic in tend ency, partly treatises on the spiritual life, partly detailed considerations of individual truths, and partly sermons of almost interminable length. His basal postulate was that each visible object bears the stamp of a heavenly and spiritual essence, so that ail things earthly must be interpreted by the celestial. According to s credible tradition, the Lutheranizing and mildly antinomistic sect of Heim betg Brethren, who are now centered around Sasses and Adelboden, were first inspired by the teachings of Lute.

(E. Güder†.)

Bibliography: H. R. Hrgenbrbh, History of We Church in 6w 184 arid 18171 Cenlwier, Lecture 8, 2 vols., New York, 1889; E. Blaeeob, (iexlW 3vte der tehwsiaitd-rsformiwten Kirchen, ii. 47 sqq., Bern. 1899: W. Hadorn. (3tacdiehtt do Pieknnw in den etAwtisitcTrrtfortAierfen Kirdua, pp. 282 sqq., Conetsnae, 1901.