LOYOLA. See Ignatius of Loyola.

LOYSON, Iwtl"sen, CHARLES JEAN MARIE AUGUSTIN HYACINTHE (Father Hyacinthe): French Independent; b. at OrlSaas Mar. 10, 1827.

He was educated privately and at the Seminary of St. Sulpice, Paris, where he studied from 1845 to 1849. He was ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood in 1851, and was then professor of philosophy at the Seminary of Avignon in 1851-54, and of dogmatic theology at the Seminary of Nantes in 1854-56. Already a member of the Sulpicisa order, he was curate of St. Sulpice, Paris, in 18b61857, but, determining to enter the monastic life, he made a six months' novitiate in the Dominican order in 1858. This not being sufficiently severe, he entered the order of Diecaloed Carmelites in 1862, and rapidly attained fame as a preacher. The freedom of his utterances, however, was such as to draw upon him the admonition of the general of his order, and in 1869 he was excommunicated. He then went to the United States, where he was greeted with fervor. By this time his break with the Church had become final, and in 1871 he attended the Old Catholic conference at Munich. In the following year Loyaoa went to Rome, where he established the Eaperartce de Rome, and in the same year still further manifested his antipathy for his former faith by marrying a widow who had long been working against certain distinctive doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. From 1873 to 1874 he was an Old Catholic pastor at Geneva, but disapproving the rationalistic views of the Old Catholics, he again visited London, only to return before long to Paris, where he sought in vain to have his religious services authorized by the government. In 1877, however, he was permitted to hold private services, and speedily opened a "Catholic Gallirsn Church," which was legalized in 1883. Loyson remained at its head until 1884, since which year he has resided at Geneva, part of the time seeking to found a religious society in which Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans may ell join in worship. Among his numerous writings, special mention may be made of the following: La h'amilk (Paris, 1867); La Societe cite a dam sea rapporta suet le christianiame (1867); De la réforme tx (1872; Eng. transl. by his wife, Catholic Reform, London, 1874); Liturgic de 1'egliae catholique de Genklle a (usage ties ,fideslea (Neueh$,tel, 1873); Catholicisme et ltrotestantisme (1873; Eng. transl., London, 18?4); Trois twn&ences au Cirque d'hitrer (Paris, 1877); Les Principes de k reform txitholique (1878; Eng. tranal, by Lady Durand, London, 1879); Liturgic de l'kgliae catholique-gallicane (1879); La Worm eatholique et l'ggliae arlglica»z (1879; Eng. transl. by Lady Durand, London, 1879); Ni dPricatvz ni ath&a (1890); Mon testament (1893; Eng. transl. by F. Ware, London, 1895); Qui eat le Christ f Pour les juifa, les chxEtaena et les muatslmana (1900); and L'Ath&ame contemporaine (1907).

Bibliography: Consult the Preface, by F. W. Farrar, to the Eng. transl. of Mon testament, ut sup.