KUENSTLE, künst'le, KARL: Roman Catholic; b. at Schutterwald (near Offenburg, 17 m. s.s.w.

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of Carlsruhe) Baden, Oct. 8, 1859. He studied in Freiburg and Würzburg, was curate at Meesburg (1884-86) and Rastatt (1886-88), and studied for two years in Italy. In 1895 he became privat-docent in Freiburg, associate professor of patristics in 1896, and honorary professor of the same subject in 1903. He has written: Ueber den Libellus precum des Faustinus und Marcellinus (Freiburg, 1890); Hagiographische Studien über die Passio Felicitatis cum septem filiis (Paderborn, 1894); Eine Bibliothek der Symbole und theologischen Traktaten zur Bekämpfung des Priscillianismus und westgothischen Arianismus aus dem sechsten Jahrhundert (Mainz, 1900); Die Pfarrkirche St. Peter und Paul in Reichenau-Niederzell und ihre neuentdeckten Wandgemälde (in collaboration with K. Bayerle; Freiburg, 1901); Das Comma Joanneum auf seine Herkunft untersucht (1905); Antipriscilliana, dogmengesehichtliche Forschungen und Texte (1905); and Die Legende der 3 Lebenden und der 3 Toten and der Totentanz (1908).

KULTURKAMPF. See ULTRAMONTANISM.

KUNZE, kun'ze, JOHANNES WILHELM: German Protestant; b. at Dittmannsdorf, near Meissen, Saxony, Aug. 31, 1865. He studied in Leipsic and Erlangen, and taught at the seminary in Annaberg 1888-89 and at the Wettiner Gymnasium, Dresden, 1889-92. Then until 1903 he was assistant university preacher at Leipsic, where he became privat-docent in 1894 and associate professor of the history of dogma in 1899. In 1903 he was appointed professor of systematic theology in the Evangelical theological faculty in Vienna, and in 1905 became professor of systematic and practical theology in Greifswald. He has written Marcus Eremita, ein neuer Zeuge für das alichristliche Taufbekenntnis (Leipsic, 1895); Das nicänischkonstantinopolitanische Symbol (1898); Glaubensregel, heilige Schrift und Taufbekenntnis ,(1899); Christoph Ernst Luthardt, ein Lebens- und Charakterbild (1903); Die ewige Gottheit Jesu Christi (1904); and Die Uebergabe der Evangelium beim Taufunterricht (1908). Kunze is one of the editors of Quellenschriften zur Geschichte des Protestantismus (1905 sqq.).

KUNZE, JOHN CHRISTOPHER: Lutheran; b. at Artern (30 m. w.s.w. of Halle), Prussian Saxony, Aug. 4, 1744; d. in New York July 24, 1807. He received his classical training in the gymnasia at Rossleben and Merseburg, and studied theology at the University of Leipsic. After teaching a few years he came to Philadelphia in 1770 as associate pastor of the Lutheran congregation there. He remained in this work till 1784, maintaining during a part of this time a theological seminary and also serving as professor of oriental languages and literature at the University of Pennsylvania 1780-84. From 1784 till his death he was pastor of the Lutheran congregation in New York, and was also professor of oriental languages and literature at Columbia 1784-87 and again 1792-99. He was an early advocate of the necessity of English education for German youth, and it was largely through his influence that English was introduced into the pulpits of German churches in America. He edited A Hymn and Prayer Book for . . . Lutheran Churches (New York, 1795), the first English Lutheran hymn-book published in the United States.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: C. E. Norton, Four American Universities, New York, 1895; Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography, iii. 578, ib. 1898.