HUELS, PETER: German Roman Catholic; b. at Millingen Oct. 7, 1850. He was educated at the University of Münster from 1872 to 1876, and after being private tutor to Prince Radolin (1876-81), was cathedral preacher at Münster (1881-94). In 1894 he was appointed a member of the cathedral chapter, and since 1901 has been professor of pas- sae toral theology and liturgies at the University of Münster. He has written Betstunden zur Verehrung ties Altarssakramentes (Münster, 1891); Das Vaterunser (a collection of sermons; 1893); and Gott meine Hilfe (1898).

HUELSEMANN, JOHANN: One of the most prominent literary opponents of Calixtus: b. at Esens (65 m. n.w. of Bremen), Hanover, Dec. 4,1602 (o.s.); d. at Leipsic June 13, 1661. He was educated at Norden, Stade, and .Hanover. Before he had reached the age of eighteen, he went to the University of Rostock, and two years later to Wittenberg. In 1627 he removed to Leipsic, where he was per- initted to lecture. In 1629 he was appointed proi fessor at Wittenberg, where he achieved an authoritative position. In 1630 he was sent to Letpsic as a delegate to a convention in behalf of the Augsburg Confession, and in 1645 he took a leading position at the colloquy in Thorn.

So far Hülsemann had leaned toward the Reformed teachings, although he did not openly confess them; but now, swept along by Calovius, who had become his opponent, he denied ail his former conduct and advanced the orthodox cause by becoming one of the most prominent adversaries of Calixtus. To clear his dubious position from the justified suspicions of the Lutheran theologians he wrote his Calvinismus irreconciliabilis (Wittenberg, 1644) as the counterpart of Bishop Joseph Hall's Rams irreconciliabilis, but the appendix entitled Qua dogmata sint ad salutem creditu neeessaria shows how little he liked the new position which was forced upon him. In this appendix he is conciliatory again in regard to the Lord's Supper and the personal union. As the influence of Calovius increased, the author denied this appendix in later years and wished to have it considered an immature. writing of his youth. His final rupture with Calixtus makes a still more unfavorable impression. Hulsemann was the friend of Calixtus, but after the disputation at Thorn he was forced to become his opponent. Calixtus had defended himself against the Wittenberg faculty by denying its sole authority and normative rule and by revealing some errors in their writings, among them in one of Hulsemann's books. Immediately the latter attacked his opponent, not only with the honest weapons of literary warfare, but by bringing down upon him an official denunciation.

Hülsemann's principal works are his Breviaraum theologise (Wittenberg, 1640; enlarged with title, Exlensio breviarii theologite, Leipsic, 1655); Muster and Ausbund guter Werke (1650); Dialysis apologetics pt'oblematis Calixtini (1651); and Der Calixtinische Getoisaemmmrm (1653).

(F. Bosse.)

Bibliography: A. Tholuek, Der Geist der luaterischen Theologen Wittenbergs, p. 164, Hamburg, 1852; J. F. Erdmann, Lebenabeschreibungen der wittenbergischen Professoren, Wittenberg, 1804; W. Gass, Geschichte der protestantischen Dogmatak, i. 318, Berlin, 1854.