HOLTZMANN, HEINRICH JULIUS: German Protestant; b. at Carlaruhe May 17, 1832. He was educated at the universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, and, after being a pastor in Baden from 1854 to 1857, became privat-docent at Heidelberg in 1858. Three years later he was appointed associate professor and was advanced to a full professorship in 1865. In 1874 he accepted a call to Strasburg as professor of New Testament exegesis, a position which he retained until 1904, when he became professor emeritus. In theology he is one of the leading representatives of the critical school. Among his writings special mention may be made of his Kanon and Tradition (Basel, 1859); Die synoptischen Evan. gelien, ihr Ursprung and geschichelicher Charakter (Leipsic, 1863); Geschichte des Volkes Israel und die Entstehung des Christentums (in collaboration with G. Weber; 2 vols., 1867); Kritik der Epheser- and Kolosserbriefe auf Grund einer Analyse ihrer VerwandSchaftSverhdUniase (Leipsic, 1872); Die Paetoralbriefe, kratisch and exegetisch behandelt (1880); Lexikori für Theologie and Kirchenwesen (in collaboration with R. Z6pffel; 1882); Lehrbuch der historischkritischen Einleitung in das Neue Testament (Freiburg, 1885); Lehrbuch der neutestamentlichen Theologie (2 vols., 1896-97); R. Rothea speculatives System (1899); Gesammelte Predigten (Carlarahe, 1901); Die Entatehung des Neuen Testaments (Halle, 1905); and Das messianische Bemuastsein Jesu (Tübingen, 1907). He likewise contributed the volumes on the Apocrypha and the New Testament to C. C. J. Bunsen's BZelwerk (2 vols., Leipsic, 1866, 1869), on John, the Synoptic Gospels, Acts, the Johannine Epistles, and Revelation to the Hand-Kommentar zum Neuen Testament, which he edited in collaboration with R. A. Lipsius, P. W. Schmiedel, and H. von Soden (Freiburg, 1889, 1890, 1891; 3d ed. of the Commentary on the Johannine writings, Tübingen, 1908), and assisted K. Budde in editing Eduard Reuss' Briefwechsel mit seinem Schiller und Freunde Karl Heinrich Grdf (Giessen, 1904).

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HOLTZMANN, OSKAR KARL ADOLF: German Protestant; b. at Stuttgart Oct. 20, 1859. He was educated at the universities of Strasburg, Göttingen, and Giessen and at the theological seminary at Friedberg from 1877 to 1883, and after a year as pastor at Bickenbach was provisional teacher at the seminary of Algau in 1884,86 and director of the high school at Gross-Gerau in 1886-88 and a teacher at the grand-ducal gymnasium at Giessen in 1888,89. In the latter year he became privat docent at the University of Giessen, and in 1890 was appointed to his present position of associate professor of New Testament exegesis in the same institution. He has written Das Johannes-Evanr gelium undersucht and erklart (Darmstadt, 1887); Neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte (Freiburg, 1895); LebenJesu (Tübingen, 1901; Eng. transl., Life of Jesus, Edinburgh, 1904); Religlonageschichtliche Vortrdge (Giessen, 1902); and War Jeans Ekstatiker? Eine Untersuchung zum Leben Jesu (Tübingen,1903).