HETERODOXY. See Orthodoxy.

HETHERINGTON, WILLIAM MAXWELL: Scottish poet and clergyman of the Free Church; b. near Dumfries June 4, 1803; d. at Glasgow May 23, 1865. He studied at the University of Edinburgh,

and became pastor at Torpichen, Linlithgow, in 1836. At the separation of 1843 he joined the Free Church and received a charge in St. Andrews the following year. In 1844 he established the Free Church Magazine, which he edited for four years. In 1848 he was called to Free St. Paul's, Edinburgh. From 1857 till his death he was professor of apol ogetics and systematic theology at New College, Glasgow. Aside from his poems, his more impor tant works are: The Minister's Family (Edinburgh, 1838; 12th ed., 1880), a popular Evangelical work; History of the Church of Scotland (1842; 7th ed., 2 vols., 1852), a good book, but biased; History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines (1843; ed. R. Williamson, 1878), a useful work of reference; and the posthumous Apologetics of the Christian Faith (1867), a course of lectures edited, with a biographical sketch, by Alexander Duff.

Bibliography: Hew Scott, Fas6i eudesias Scoticante, i. 204, London, 1871; DNB, xxvi. 300-301.

HETTINGER, FRANZ: German Roman Catholic scholar; b. at Aschaffenburg (23 m. e.s.e. of Frankfort), Bavaria, Jan. 13, 1819; d. at Würzburg Jan. 26, 1890. He studied at Würzburg and in the German College at Rome, where he was ordained priest in 1843. From 1847 nearly the whole of his life was spent at Würzburg, either in the clerical seminary -or in the university, in which he was professor of theological encyclopedia and patrology (1856-67) and of apologetics and homiletics from 1867, besides being rector in 1862 and 1867. .In 1868 he was summoned to Rome to take part in the preparations for the Vatican Council, and in 1879 was made domestic prelate to Leo XIII. His works include Das Friesterthum der katholischen Kirche (Regensburg, 1851) ; Die Liturgie der Kirche und die ldteinische Sprache (Würzburg, 1856) ; Das Becht und die Freiheit der Kirche (1860); Apologie des Christenthums (2 vols., Freiburg, 1862-67; Natural Religion, and Revealed Religion, 2 vols., London, 1895); Die kirchliche Vollgewalt des apostolischen Stuhles (1873; The Supremacy of the Apostolic See in the Church, London, 1889); D. F. Strauss (1875); Lehrbuch der Fundamentaltheologie oder Apologetik (2 vols., 1879); and a number of scholarly works on Dante, of which the most important is Die gottliche Kom6die des Dante nach ihrem wesentlichen Inhalt and Charakter (1880; Dante's Divina Commedia: its Scope and Value, London, 1887).

Bibliography: A Gedenhblatt was published at Wtirsburg, 1890. Consult: F. Kaufmann, Frans Hettinger, Frankfort, 1891.