HADORAM: ha-do'ram. The name of several
persons mentioned in the Old Testament.
1. One of the sons of Joktan mentioned in
Gen. x. 27
(Septuagint Odorro, Lucian 0dorram)
and
I Chron. i. 21
(Septuagint %edouran, Lucian Adoram).
The entire context points to an Arabian environment, and the name is to be taken as the name of an
eponymous progenitor of an Arabian tribe. It is
to be
remembered that the Arabs claim Joktan
(Kaftan) as their progenitor (see
Table of Nations).
The name Hadoram has been found on a
Sabean inscription (CIS, IV. i. 1) in the form
Hdrwm. Miller and
Glaser refer to Dauram in
Yemen as possibly from the same origin.
2. Sons of Toi (Tou), king of Hamath, mentioned
in
I Chron. xviii. 10.
as sent by his father to congratulate David upon his conquest of Hadarezer, a
common foe. The parallel account in
II Sam. viii. 10
gives Joram instead of Hadoram-a name of the
same formation but substituting the abbreviated
form of Yahweh for Hado (the shorter form of Addu
in the Amarna Tablets). The form in
Chronicles is regarded as probably the original (cf. Septuagint ln, and S. R. Driver,
Hebrew Text of
. . . Samuel, pp. 217, 287 "a Hamathite name ").
S. The name given by II Chron. to the officer of
tribute sent by Rehoboam to collect taxes from the
people, by whom he was stoned to death. The
parallel passage in
I Kings xii. 8
gives the name as Adoram; possibly the text in both should be
Adoniram.
Geo. W. Gilmore.
Bibliography:
1. E. Glaser, Skins der Geschichte und Geographie Arabiens, ii.
426-427, 435, Berlin, 1890; D. H.
Mallor, Die Burpenund
Sehlasser SUdarabiene, i.
380-361, Vienna, 1879. On $.-S: H. V. Hilprecht,
Babylonian Expedition, ix.
27, 48, Philadelphia, 1898; A. H. Ssyoe,
Early Hist. of the Hebrews, p.
428, London, 1898.
HADRACH, had'rac: A place name occurring
in
Zech. ix. 1.
The word (Hebr. ,Hadrak) occurs nowhere else in Scripture, unless Cheyne's plausible
conjecture (EB, ii. 1933) be correct
that it is to be
found in the haderek ("the way ") of
Ezek. xlvii. 15.
The place was almost lost to knowledge until
the Assyrian inscriptions were discovered and read.
A saying is preserved in the Yalkuf Shimoni
on
Zech. ix. 1
by a rabbi Jose to the effect that his
mother, a Damascene, recognised Hadrach as the
name of a place near Damascus; and David ben
Abraham, a Jewish lexicographer of the tenth cen
tury, also locates
it there. In the Assyrian inscriptions
the name, written Fatarika,
occurs several times in connection with the western campaigns of
Amur-Dan III. in 772, 785, and 755
B.c., and is mentioned as tributary to Assyria in the inscriptions
of Tiglath-Pileser dealing with the western
campaign of the year 738 B.C. (see
Assyria, VI., 3, if
8-9). The Assyrian mention is always in con
nection with the region in which Damascus, Arpad,
and Hamath are situated. The early
interpretations,
making it the name of a king or a deity, a
symbolical term "strong weak," a name of Caele
syria or of the Hauran, or as referring to a Chat
racharta in Assyria mentioned by Ptolemy and
Strabo (cf. W. Baudissin in Hauck-Herzog,
RE, viii. 300-301), are by the cuneiform inscriptions
rendered obsolete, and Hadrach may be identified
with a city or region not far from Damascus.
Geo. W. Gilmore.
Bibliography:
Consult, besides the commentaries on Zeoh-
saiah, Schrader, KAT, p. 33; F. Detitsch,
Gems", p.
538, Leipsic, 1872; F. Delitzsch, Wo lap due Paradise? p
279, ib. 1881; H. Winckler, Alttestamenaiahs UnterescA
ungen, pp. 120-134, ib. 1892.
