HAMELMANN, ha'mel-mall, HERMAN 1Y: German reformer; b. at Osnabrück (74 m. w.s.w. of Hanover) 1525; d. at Oldenburg (24 m. w.n.w. of Bremen) June 26, 1595. He was educated at Osnabrück, Münster, Emmerich, and Dortmund, was ordained priest at Münster, and at first signalized himself as a violent opponent of Luther. In

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of 1552, however, he became a convert to Protestantism, and was deposed as parish priest at Camen and expelled from the town. After two years of wandering, partly spent at Wittenberg with Melanchthon, he was appointed preacher at Bielefeld. His savage opposition to the carrying of the Host in procession caused the Roman Catholics to require him to dispute at Düsseldorf before the ducal court of Cleves, and there he was again deposed. From 1554 to 1568 he was at Lemgo, where he labored unceasingly for the establishment of Lutheranism as far as Antwerp, and in 1568 he was appointed superintendent of Gandersheim to further the progress of the Reformation in Brunswick, though the interference of the duke caused him to resign four years later. For the remainder of his life he was general superintendent of Oldenburg. Hamelmann'a numerous writings contain abundant material for the history of the Reformation in Weatphalia and lower Saxony, but can be used only with caution on account of his strong prejudices. His most noteworthy work was his Historia ecclesiastics renati Evangelii (Altenburg, 1586). The manuscripts of his books are preserved at Wolfenbuttel.

(G. Uhlhorn †.)

Bibliography: A. E. Rauschenbusch, H. Hamdmann's Leben, Schwelm, 1830; J. G. Leuckfeld, Historia Hamelmann, Quedlinburg, 1720; M. Goebel, Geschichte des christliden Lebens in der rhein-westphalischen Kirche, i. 449-459, Coblens, 1849; A. Döring, J. Lambach und das Gymnasium zu Dortmund, 1543-82, 64 sqq., 103 sqq., Berlin, 1875; KL, v. 1481-84.

HAMILTON, EDWARD JOHN: Presbyterian; b. at Belfast, Ireland, Nov. 29, 1834. He emigrated to the United States in early life, and was graduated from Hanover College, Hanover, Ind. (B.A., 1853), and Princeton Theological Seminary (1858). He was ordained to the ministry (1858), was pastor at Oyster Bay, N. Y. (1858-61), in charge of a congregation at Dromore West, Ireland (1861-62), and chaplain of the Seventh New Jersey Veteran Infantry in the Army of the Potomac (1863-1865). He was then pastor at Hamilton, O. (1866-1868), professor of mental philosophy in Hanover College (1868-79), acting professor of ethics, economics, and logic in Princeton College (1882-83), and professor of philosophy in Hamilton College (1883-91). He was then on the staff of the Standard Dictionary (1891-94), after which he was professor of philosophy in Whitworth College (1894-95) and of the same subject in the State University of Washington (1895-1900), when he retired from active life. He has written: A New Analysis in Fundamental Morale (New York, 1870); The Human Mind (1883); The Modalist (Boston, 1883); The Perceptianalist: or, Mental Science (New York, 1899); and The Moral Law : or, The Theory and Practise of Duty (1902).