GREGG, DAVID: Presbyterian; b. at Pittsburg, Pa., Mar. 25, 1846. He was educated at Washington and Jefferson College (A.B., 1865) and the Theological Seminary at Alleghany, Pa. (1868), after which he held pastorates at the Third Reformed Presbyterian Church, New York City (1870-87), Park Street Congregational Church, Boston (1887-1890), and Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn (1890-1904). Since 1904 he has been president of Western Theological Seminary, Alleghany, Pa. He has written: From Solomon to the Captivity (New York, 1890); Studies in John (1891); Our Best Moods (1893); The Heaven safe (1895); The Testimony of the Law to the Book (1895); Makers of the American Republic (1896); Ideal Young Men and Women (1897); Facts that call for Faith (1898); Things of Northfield and other Things (1899); New Epistles from Old Lands (1899); The Didum of Reason on Man's Immortality (1902); Individual Prayer as a Working Force (Chicago, 1903); and Between the Testaments (1907).

GREGOIRE, grli"gwar', HENRI: French eccle- siastic; b. at Veho (a village just e. of Lunt;ville) Dec. 4, 1750; d. at Auteuil, Paris, Dec. 28, 1831. He was brought up in the Jesuit college at Nancy, taught for a while in the Jesuit school at Pont-suMoueson, and was then vicar and finally priest at Emberm6nil (3 m. n. of Veho) until 1789 or 1791. The clergy of the district of Nancy sent him to the Assembly of 1789, and until 1814, with trifling interruptions, he was a member of various legislative bodies, being at the same time bishop of Blois from 1791 until 1801. After 1814 be busied himself with learned researches.

As a priest he was the first to take the oath demanded by the Constituent Assembly (Dec. 27, 1790). Out of two bishoprics to which he was elected he chose Loire-et-Cher or Blois and served faithfully there for ten years, but, on the signing of the Concordat (q.v.) in 1801, was forced by the Ultramontanes to leave. Nevertheless, in spite of all attacks he continued to wear his bishop's robe in the Convention and on the street, and read mass at home daily.

As a statesman he was at times secretary or president of the assemblies, or chairman of important committees. The Legislative Body which had made him its president chose him senator three times, thus forcing Napoleon to confirm him. In 1819 France was roused by his election as representative of the department of Iei're, but the Cham ber refused to let him take his seat.

As a philanthropist he stood ahead of his day. His book on the Jews took a prize in 1788, and today the Jews hold his name in honor. He combated slavery with vigor. In the Convention he did much for'commerce and trade, and for schools and libraries. His report on bibliography was often reprinted (at late as 1873). The French Institute was his creation.

As a writer he treated of the Jews (Paris, 1789), Port Royal (1801), theophilanthropy (1806), negro literature (1808), history of religious sects (2 vols., 1814; 8 vols.,1828), Gallican liberties (1818), Christianity and women (1821), history of confessors of emperors (1824), marriage of priests in Franca (1828), Mhmmrea (1837). Many of his books were translated into foreign languages.

The archbishop of Paris refused him extreme unction, because Grégoire refused to retract his oath of Dec. 27, 1790; but Abby Guillon served him as confessor and gave him the last rites.

Caspar René Gregory.

Bibliography: His own MLriiOiTe.1, ed. H. Carnat with 8

biographical notice, appeared in 2 vols., Paris, 1839. Consult: G. Krüger, Heinrich Grégoire, Biaclwf van Blois, Leipsic, 1838; P. Bdhringer, OrADoire, sin Lebenabild, Basel, 1878; A. Debidour, L'Abbli Ciropoire, Nantes, 1881; H. Cannot,?Studs our :'abbg QrEpoire, Pari0. 1882: Liahtenberger, ESR, v. 728-731; W. H. Jervis, The lTalliaan Church and the Revolution, passim, London, 1882 (well worth consulting).