GUNSAULUS, FRANK WAKELEY: Congregationalist; b. at Cbesterville, 0., Jan. 1, 1856. He was educated at Ohio Wesleyan University (A.B., 1875) and after being a Methodist Episcopal minister for four years joined, the Congregational denomination. He held pastorates at Eastwood Congregational Church, Columbus, O. (1879-81), Newtonville,

Mass. (1881-,85), Memorial Congregational Church, Baltimore, Md. (1885-87), and Plymouth Church, Chicago (1887,89). After a few months as pastor at the Central Church in the same city in 1889, he was appointed to his present position of president of the Armour Institute of Technology. He has written Metamorphoses of a Creed (Chillicothe, 0., 1879); Transfiguration of Christ (Boston, 1886); The Man of Galilee (1899); Paths to Power (1905); Higher Ministries of Recent English Poetry (1907); and Paths to the City of God (1907).

GURK, BISHOPRIC OF: An Austrian bishopric, named from the town of Gurk (49 m. n. of Laibach) in Carinthia, on the banks of a river of the same name. A convent for seventy nuns and twenty canons was founded on the river Gurk by Emma, wife of Count William of Styria, and consecrated probably in 1043. It soon decayed, however, and the idea of turning it into the seat of a bishopric was suggested by the great extent gf the diocese of Salzburg, and carried out by Archbishop Gebhard (1060--88), who gained the assent of Pope Alexander II. in 1070 and of the emperor Henry IV. in 1072. In May of the latter year, Gunter of Chraphelt was consecrated bishop of Gurk. The boundaries of the small diocese were first settled by Archbishop Conrad (1106-47). Of the early bishops the most important were Hieronymus Balbus (1522-357), the distinguished humanist, poet, and politician, and Urban "the Austrian" (1556-73). From the fifteenth century the incumbents of the see have had the title of prince bishop, but at first without a seat in the Council of Princes. Since 1827 they have resided not at Salzburg but at Klagenfurt, the capital of Carinthia.

GURNALL, WILLIAM: English clergyman; b. at Walpole (8 m. w. of Lynn), Norfolk, 1617; d. at Lavenham (16 m. w.n.w. of Ispwich), Suffolk, Oct. 12, 1679. He was educated at the Lynn grammar-school and at Emmanuel College, . Cambridge (B.A., 1635; M.A., 1639). Nothing is known of his life after he left the university till the year 1644, when the living of Lavenham was conferred upon him by Sir Symonds D'Ewes. On Dec. 16 of that year parliament ordered that the "learned divine" should be "rector for life, and enjoy the rectory and tithes as other rectors before him." At the Restoration he signed the declaration required by the Act of Uniformity and continued at Lavenham till his death. For conforming he was severely attacked in a pamphlet, Covenant-Renouncers Desperate Apostates (London, 1665). He is known chiefly by his work, The Christian in Compldc ATM0'9.T: or a Treatise of the Saint's War against the Devil (3 vols., London, 1655-62; new ed., with a biographical introduction, by J. C. Ryle, 2 vols., 1864-1865), a series of sermons on Eph. vi. 6-20, characterized by their quaint fancy, epigrammatic style, and astonishing application of Scripture. The work passed through six editions during the author's lifetime and still enjoys a measure of popularity.

Bibliography: Besides the biographical introduction to The Christian in Complete Armour, ut sup., there is available H. McKeon, inquiry into the ife of William Gurnall, London, 1830.

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