GUEDER, g6'der, EDUARD: Swiss clergyman and theological writer; b. at Walperswyl, near Nidau (16 in. n.w. of Bern), June 1, 1817; d. at Bern July 14, 1882. He was educated at Bern and Berlin, and after acting as vicar and pastor at Bienne, where as a representative of orthodox dogma and practise he came into conflict with the prevalent revolutionary ideals, he became pastor of the Nydeck church at Bern and attained repute as an eloquent preacher and an active participant in church politics. From 1859 to 1865 he lectured on the New Testament at the university, assuming, in contrast to the ma jority of his colleagues, the standpoint of dogmatic orthodoxy. In the theological controversies that followed the publication of Langhans' Heilige Schrift in 1866, Gdder showed himself consistently the champion of the traditional interpretation of the Scriptures, and was successful in winning over the synod to his views. The law of 1874 effecting the separation of church and state encountered in him an uncompromising opponent, but the high esteem in which he was held by friends and opponents alike induced him to remain in the service of a church which, crippled as he conceived it to be, was still dear to him. Of his theological publications the principal are Die Lehre von der Erscheinuttg Christi unter den Toten (Bern, 1853) and an edition of Sehneckenburger's Vergleichende Daratellung des lutherischen and reformierten Lehrbegrifs (Stuttgart, 1855).

(P. Güder†.)

Bibliography: P. Gilder, E. G"er, rein Leben and Wirken, Bern, 1886.

GUENEE, gb"n6', ANTOINE: French Roman Catholic controversialist; b. at ttampes (35 m. s.s.w. of Paris) Nov. 23, 1717; d. at Fontainebleau (37 m. s.s.e. of Paris) Nov. 27, 1803. He studied in Paris and for twenty years was professor of rhetoric at the Collage du Plessis there. To learn modern languages he traveled extensively in England, Germany, and Italy. He translated several works from the English and wrote among other works of less importance, Lettres de quelques Juifs portugai8, allemands et polonais h M. de Voltaire,(4 vols., Paris, 1769; Eng. transl., Letters of Certain Jews to Monsieur de Voltaire., 2 vols., Dublin, 1777), a refutation of Voltaire's attack on the Bible, and the best book produced by the Roman Catholics against the French skepticism of the eighteenth century. For this work Gudnde was made a canon in the cathedral of Amiens and afterward was attached to the chapel of Versailles by Cardinal de la RocheAymon.

Bibliography: A biographical preface by Dacier is to be found in the ed. of Paris, 1815, of. Voltaire, (Euvres cony pates, vol. x., Paris, 1863; Uehtenberger, ESR, v. 756-758.