GOLTZ, HERMANN, FREIHERR VON DER: German Protestant; b. at Düsseldorf May 17, 1835; d. in Berlin July 23, 1906. He was edu cated at the universities of Erlangen, Berlin, Tübingen, and Bonn (1853-58), and after being chaplain to the Prussian embassy in Rome from 1861 to 1865, was appointed associate professor of theology at Basel, becoming full professor there in 1870. In 1873 he went to Bonn in a simi lar capacity, but after 1876 resided in Berlin as honorary professor, councilor of the supreme con sistory, member of the supreme Evangelical church council, and provost of St. Peter's. He wrote Die reformm* Kirche Genf s im neunzehnten Jahr hundert (Basel, 1862; Gottes Of'enbarung durch heilige Geschichte, each ihrem Wesen belevchtel (1868); Die christlichen Grundwahrheiten, oder die allge meinen Principien der christlichen Dogmattk (Gotha, 1873); and TempeWder nus dem Leben des Hewn Jesu (sermons; Berlin, 1877). He also collaborated with A. Wach in editing Synodalfragan zur Ortetr

tirung über die bevorstehende General-Synode (Bielefeld, 1874-75).

GOMARUS (GOMAR), FRANCISCUS: Leader of the strict Calvinistic party in Holland in the Arminian controversy; b. at Bruges, in Flanders, Jan. 30, 1563; d. at Groningen Jan. 11, 1641. He devoted himself to humanistic studies under Johann Sturm at Strasburg, and, beginning in 1580, studied theology at Neustadt under Ursinus, Zanchius, and Tossanus, then successively at Oxford, Cambridge, and Heidelberg. From 1587 he was pastor of the Netherlandish congregation in Frankfort-on-theMain. In 1594 he became professor of theology in Leyden. His strict Calvinism involved him in severe controversies with Arminius when he became his colleague in 1603. The chief point of dispute was the doctrine of predestination. The controversy soon became general. Colloquies arranged for the purpose of reconciling the opponents were without success. When Arminius died in 1609, Konrad Vorst (q.v.), a man of still more heterodox tendencies, became his successor, and Gomarus resigned in 1611 and became preacher of the Reformed congregation in Middelburg, where he also lectured on theology and Hebrew. In 1614 be went to Sampur as professor of theology, and four years later to Groningen. He took a prominent part in the Synod of Dort (1618-19), and was one of the chief opponents of Arminianism in that assembly. Thenceforth he lived a lonely life at Groningen. In 1633 he took part in the revision of the translation of the Bible at Leyden. He was of a polemical nature, but faithful and conscientious in the discharge of duty. His collected works, mostly polemical, appeared in one volume folio, Amsterdam, 1645. See Arminius, Jacobus, Arminianism; Dort, Synod of; Remonstrants.

(S. D. Van Veen.)

Bibliography: B. Glasius, Godgeleerd Nederland, i. 537, 546, Hertogenbosch, 1851; C. Sepp, Het godpeleerd Omderwijs in Nederland i. 101-120, 167-170, Leyden, 1873. Consult also A. Schweizer, Die protestantischen Centraldogmen in ihrer Entwickelung, ii. 31-224, Zurich, 1856.