GOETTSBERGER, götz'ber-ger, JOHANN: German Roman Catholic; b. at Kohl, Lower Bavaria, Dec. 31, 1868. He was educated at Freising (1889-1890) and Munich (1890-93), and after a year as curate (1894) was prefect at the archiepiscopal school for boys at Freising (1895-97) and instructor in theology in the archiepiscopal school in the same city (1898-1900). In 1900 he was appointed associate professor of Old Testament exegesis at the royal lyceum of Freising, and since 1903 has been full professor of the same subject at.the University of Munich. He has written Barhebräus und seine Scholien zur heiligen Schrift (Freiburg, 1900).

GOETZ, getz, LEOPOLD KARL: German Old Catholic; b. at Carlsruhe Oct. 7, 1868. After the

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completion of his studies, he became, in 1891, pastor of the Old Catholic Church at Passau, since 1900 professor at the Old Catholic theological seminary in Bonn, and since 1902 has also been associate professor of philosophy at the university of the same city. He has written Die Busslehre

Cyprians (Königsberg, 1895); Die geschichtlzche Stellung and Aufgabe des deutschenAltkatholizismus (Leipsic, 1896); Geschichte der Slawenapostel Konstantinus (Cyrillus) and Methodius (Gotha, 1897); Lazaristen and Jesuiten (1898); Redemptoristenund Protestanten (Giessen, 1899); Leo X111, seine Weltanr schauung und seine Wirksamkeit quellenmdssig dargestellt (Gotha, 1899); Jesuiten and Jesuitinnen (1900); Franz Heinrich Reusch (1901); Das Kiever Hohlenr kloster als Kulturzentrum des vormongolischen Russlands (Passau, 1904); Der . Ujtramontanismus ale Weltanschauung, auf Grund des Syllabus quellenmassig dargestellt (Bonn, 1905); Kirchenrechtliche and kulturgeschichtliche Denkmdler Altrusslands (Stuttgart, 1905); Ein Wort zum konfessionellen Frieden (Bonn, 1906); and Klerikalismus and Laizismus, das Laienelement im Ultramontanismus (Frankfort, 1906).

GOEZE, ge'tse, JOHAN MELCHIOR: German theologian and controversialist; b. at Halberstadt (31 m. s.w. of Brunswick) Oct., 1717; d. at Hamburg May 19,1786. He studied theology at Jena and Halls; in 1741 he became assistant minister at Aacheraleben, whither his father had moved; and in 1744 diaconus. Six years later he accepted a call to the Church of the Holy Spirit in Magdeburg; and in 1755 went as chief pastor to the Church of St. Catherine in Hamburg, where he remained until his death. It was as a defender of the orthodox Lutheranism and as an opponent of the Enlightenment (q.v.) that Goeze is best known, and in the course of the long continued conflict many hard blows and violent epithets were exchanged. The lapse of time has led those who review the controversy to admit Goeze's sincerity and to grant his claims to real scholarship. In his polemics his appeal was to Scripture and the symbolical books of Lutheranism; and when these seemed to be assailed, his conceptions of his duty to himself and his office and the earnestness with which he threw himself into the defense led him often into a violence which is regrettable. As a consequence he was the object of severe attack, especially in the Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek. In 1765 against Semler he defended the Complutsnsian Polyglot (see Bibles, Polyglot, l.). Later he justly assailed the German translation of the German Bible by Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (q.v.). Other polemics were directed against matters which are now wholly of the past. His principal attack was made upon Leasing after the publication of the Wolfenbüttel Fragments (q.v.); and the fact that Leasing chose Goeze as his opponent and made him the almost exclusive object of his replies indicates that Leasing saw in him the most dangerous of his critics. In a single year (1778) Leasing issued fifteen writings against Goeze, eleven of them named AntiGoeze (all in Hempel's ed. of Leasing, vol. xvi.). C=oeze's attacks upon Leasing were printed in Frey-

willige Beytrdige zu den hamburgischen Nachrichten aus dem Reiehe der Gelehrsamkeit, parts 55-56, 6163, 75. The conflict centered about the importance of the historical element for faith, Goeze maintaining that Christian faith must fall if the essential content of Biblical history, especially drat of the New Testament, were denied. Leaving's replies were rather irritable than sound, while Goeze's attack was directed by his conscience.

Carl Bertheau.

Bibliography: G. R. RSpe, Johan Melchior Goeze, eirte Rerturep, Hamburg, 1880 (answered by A. Boden Leasing and Goeze, Leipsic, 1862); C. Bross, in Hempel's ed. of Leasing, vol. xv., Berlin 1873; E. Schmidt, Leaainp, ii. 347 sqq., Berlin, 1892; ADB, is. 524h530.