GOTTHEIL, RICHARD JAMES HORATIO: American Jewish Orientalist, son of the preceding, b. at Manchester, England, Oct.13,1862. He was educated at Columbia College (A.B.,1881), the universities of Berlin, Tübingen and Leipsic (Ph.D., 1886), the Lehranstalt für die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, Berlin, and the Veitel Ephraim Beth Hamidrash in the same city. He has been professor of rabbinic literature and Semitic languages in Columbia University since 1887, and was also president of the Federation of American Zionists from 1898 to 1904. Since 1903 he has been vice-president of the American Jewish Historical Society, and is also vicepresident and one of the founders of the JudsP.ans. He is likewise president of the Jewish Religious School Union, which he established, and is head of the Oriental department of the New York Public Library. He is editor of the Columbia University Oriental Series and (together with Morris Jastrow) of the Semitic Study Series, and was editor of the departments of Jewish history from Ezra to 1492 and of the history of post-Talmudic literature on the Jewish Encyclopedia (12 vols., New York, 1901-1906). In addition to numerous contributions to Oriental and popular periodicals, and besides many articles in standard works of reference, he has edited A Idst of Plants and their Properties from the Mendrat %udhshh of Gregorius bar Ebhrdyd (Berlin, 1886); A Treatise on Syriac Grammar by Mar Mid of Sdbhd (Berlin, 1887); and Selections from the Syriac Julian Romance (Leyden, 1906).

GOTTI, GIROLAMO MARIA: Cardinal priest; b. at Genoa, Italy, Mar. 29, 1834. At the age of sixteen he entered the Order of Discalced Carmelites in his native city, and after completing his education there, was appointed professor of philosophy and theology in the same monastery, as well as instructor in mathematics at the royal school for naval cadets at Genoa. In 1870 he was summoned to Rome by the General of his Order to act as his adviser at the Vatican Council, and two years later he became Procurator-General of the Discalced Carmelites. In 1881 he was chosen General, and in this capacity traveled both in Europe and Palestine. He was consecrated titular archbishop of Petra in 1892 and sent to Brazil as papal internuncio, and in 1895 was created cardinal priest of Santa Maria della Scala. He was likewise appointed Prefect of the Congregation of Indulgences and Relies, holding this office until 1899, when he became Prefect of the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars. In 1902 he succeeded Cardinal Ledochowski as Prefect of the Congregation of the Propaganda, and is likewise a member of several other Roman Congregations.