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Hilary of Poietiers for the Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers (New York and Edinburgh, 1898); he has written The Authorship and Historical Character of the Fourth Gospel (London, 1872); The Gospels in the Second Century (1876); the sections on Romans and Galatians in Bishop C. J. Ellicott's Handy Commentary (London, 1878); Appendices ad Novum Testamentum Stephanieum (1889); The Oracles of God (1891); Two Present Day Questions (1892); Inspiration (Bampton lectures; 1893); The Conception of Priesthood in the Early Church and in the Church of England (1898); An Examination of Harnack's "What is Christianity?" (1901); Criticism of the New Testament (1902); Divisions in the Church (1902); Sacred Sites of the Gospels (in collaboration with P. Waterhouse; 1903); Outlines of the Life of Christ (Edinburgh, 1905); The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel (London, 1905); The Life of Christ in Recent Research (1907); and Christologies, Ancient and Modern (1910).

SANDEMANIANS, san-de-m66'ni-ans or man'i-ans (GLASSITES): A sect founded in Scotland c. 1730 by John Glas (q.v.). The basal idea of the founder was the restoration of the apostolic Church, realizing the complete independence of each local church from every other and from the State. Chief emphasis was laid upon the Lord's Supper, while feet-washing, the kiss of charity, the lovefeast, and a limited community of goods were introduced; games of chance, eating of blood and things strangled, and the use of the lot were forbidden, and church government was placed in the hands of bishops, elders, and teachers. The name came from the son-in-law of Glas, Robert Sandeman (b. at Perth, Scotland, 1718; d. at Danbury, Conn., Apr. 2, 1771), who was appointed an elder in the new organization, exercised his ministry at Perth, Dundee, and Edinburgh, and sailed in 1764 to America, where he founded churches. The denomination is now nearly or quite extinct.

(C. SCHOELLt.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The Works of John alas, especially his Treatise on the Lord's Supper, Edinburgh, 1743, reprinted, London, 1883; the literature under GLAs, JOHN; J. Bellamy, Essay on the Nature and Glory of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, i. 85-125, London, 1781, reprint 1841; A. Fuller, Strictures on Sandemanianism, in his Complete Works, ib. 1853; J. B. Marsden, Hist. of Christian Churches and Sects, ii. 297 sqq., ib. 1858; J. E. Ritchie, Religious Life of London, ib. 1870.

Pulpit orator and polemist; b. in Saxony in 1797; d. at Wittenberg Apr. 28, 1859. In early life he was repelled by the current rationalism, and as a minor official of St. Paul's Church in Leipsic, in the first part of his career, he began to preach with emphasis the Gospel of the Crucified One. In 1822 he was called to Wichlinghausen in Wupperthal, where he exerted his activities in the same direction, translating into German, in collaboration with C. H. F. Bialloblotzky, Pusey's Enquiry into the Probable Causes of the Rationalist Character lately Predominant in the Theology of Germany (Elberfeld, 1829), and following this up with his own Theologisches Grutachten (Barmen, 1836), which was preceded and followed by several volumes of sermons and by Beleuehtung (1836) aimed at the Prediger-Bibel of

Eduard Hillamann (1835), which last brought him into court on charges of libel. He also attacked Droste-Visehering (q.v.) in Ueber den Frieden unter der Kirche and den Staaten and Das Papatthum in seiner heudgen Gestalt, in seinen Ursprt4ngen and endlichen Ausgangen (Elberfeld, 1845). To this period belongs also his treatise on Gal. iii. 20 (1840) and Der Romanismus, seine Tendenzen and seine Methodik (Essen, 1843). About this time he accepted the ideas of Johann Tobias Beck (q.v.), and placed the beginning of the parousia (see MILLENNIUM, MILLENARIANIsM) in 1847. In 1854 he accepted a call to Wittenberg, where he came to occupy the positions of city preacher, superintendent, and director of the preachers' seminary till his death. He continued to issue sermons, occasional and others, the most significant based upon the Revelation of John.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: F. W. Krummacher, Immanuel Friedrich Sander, Cologne, 1880.

SANDERS, FRANK KNIGHT: Congregationalist; b. at Batticotta (a village near Jaffna, 190 m. n. of Colombo), Ceylon, June 5, 1861. He was educated at Ripon College, Wis. (A. B., 1882); was instructor in Jaffna College, Ceylon (1882-86), and continued his studies at Yale (1886-89). He was then successively assistant in Biblical literature (188990), instructor in Semitic languages (1890-91), and assistant professor of Biblical literature on the Woolsey foundation (1891-93)--all at Yale. In 1893 he was appointed Woolsey professor of Biblical literature in Yale, a position which he retained until 1901, when he resigned it to become professor of Biblical history and archeology and dean of Yale Divinity School, both which offices he held until 1905, when he became secretary of the Congregational Sundayschool and Publishing Society. He has been president of Washburn College, Topeka, Kan., since 1908. He has edited in collaboration with C. F. Kent The Historical Series for Bible Students (10 vols., New York, 1897-1906) and The Messages of the Bible (12 vols., 1898 sqq.), and together with the same scholar has written The Messages of the Earlier Prophets (New York, 1898) and The Messages of the Later Prophets (1899). He has also written Outlines for the Study of Biblical History and Literature (in collaboration with H. T. Fowler, New York, 1906); A Student's Life of Christ (1906); Historical Notes on the Apostolic Leaders (1907); and Higtorkal Notes on the Life of Christ (1907).

SANDERSON, JOSEPH: Presbyterian; b. at Ballybay (60 m. n.w. of Dublin), County Monaghan, Ireland, May 23, 1823; graduated at the Royal College, Belfast, 1845; emigrated to America, 1846; was classical teacher in the Washington Institute, New York, 1847-49; studied theology and became pastor of the Associate Presbyterian Church, Providence, R. I., 1849; at New York, 1853-69; acting pastor of Saugatuck Congregational Church, Conn., 1872-78; assistant editor of the Homiletic Monthly, New York, 1881-83; editor of the Pulpit Treasury, New York, after 1883; and from 1895, secretary of the Church Extension and Sustentation Committee, New York Presbytery. He is the author of Jesus on