CATTLE. See PASTORAL LIFE, HEBREW.

CAVAGNIS, ca"va"nyîs, FELICE, Roman Catholic cardinal; b. at Bordogna (near Bergamo, 39 m. n.e. of Milan) Jan. 13, 1841; d. at Rome Dec. 29, 1906. He was educated at the Roman Seminary, and was ordained to the priesthood in 1863. Three years later he became a teacher at Celano, and later became a member of the faculty of the Roman Seminary, of which he was rector from 1887 to 1893. Later still he was appointed secretary of the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and in 1901 was created cardinal deacon of Santa Maria ad Martyres. In addition to the Congregation for Extraordinary Affairs, he was a member of the Congregations of the Consistory, the Bishops and Regulars, the Council, the Index, and the Sacred Visitation.

CAVALIER, JEAN. See CAMISARDS.

CAVE, ALFRED: English Congregationalist; b. at London Aug. 29, 1847; d. there Dec. 19, 1900. He was educated at New College, London (B.A., London University, 1872), and was Congregational minister successively at Berkhampstead, Herts (1872-76), and Watford, Herts (1876-80). He was appointed professor of Hebrew and church history in Hackney College, London, in 1880, and two years later was chosen principal and professor of apologetic, doctrinal, and pastoral theology in the same institution, retaining both these positions until his death. He was also Congregational Union Lecturer in 1888, vice-president of the London Board of Congregational ministers in 1888 and 1898, and Merchants' Lecturer in 1893-94. He collaborated with J. S. Banks in translating the System der christlichen Glaubenslehre of I. A. Dorner (2 vols., Berlin, 1879-81) under the title System of Christian Doctrine (4 vols., Edinburgh, 1880-82), and also wrote the independent works: Scriptural Doctrine of Sacrifice and Atonement (Edinburgh, 1877); An Introduction to Theology:

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Its Principles, Its Branches, Its Results, and Its Literature (1886); The Inspiration of the Old Testament Inductively Considered (Congregational Union Lectures; London, 1888); The Battle of the Standards, the Old Testament and the Higher Criticism (1890); The Spiritual World, the Last Word of Philosophy and the First Word of Christ (1894); and The Story of the Founding of Hackney College (1899). An enlarged edition of his Introduction to Theology appeared in 1896.