BUDDE, bud'de, KARL FERDINAND REINHARD: German Protestant; b. at Bensberg (9 m. e. of Cologne) Apr. 13, 1850. He was educated at the universities of Bonn, Berlin, and Utrecht from 1868 to 1873, although his studies were interrupted in 1870-71, when he served in the Franco-Prussian War. He became privat-docent for the Old Testament at Bonn in 1873, and was also teacher at the Schulbring'sche höhere Töchterschule in 1873-89 and inspector of the theological seminary of the university in 1878-85. In 1879 he became associate professor of Old Testament theology at the same university, and in 1889 was called to Strasburg in a like capacity, shortly thereafter being promoted to full professor. Since 1900 he has been professor of Old Testament theology at Marburg. Chosen rector of the University of Marburg for 1910-11. He has written: Beiträge zur Kritik des Buches Hiob (Bonn, 1876); Die biblische Urgeschichte untersucht (Giessen, 1883); Die Bücher der Richter and Samuel, ihr Aufbau und ihre Quellen (1890); The Books of Samuel, Critical Edition of the Hebrew Text (in the Polychrome Bible, Leipsic, 1894); Das Buch Hiob in the Handcommentar zum Alten Testament, Göttingen, 1896); Das Buch

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der Richter (in the Kurzer Handcommentar zum Alten Testament, Freiburg, 1897); Hohelied und Klagelieder (in the same series, 1898); The Religion of Israel to the Exile (The American Lectures on the History of Religions for 1898-99, New York, 1899); Die sogenannten Jahvelieder und die Bedeutung den Knechtes Jahves in Jesaija 40-55, ein Minoritätsvotum (Giessen, 1900); Der Kanan des Alten Testaments (1900); Die Bücher Samuel (in Kurzer Handcommentar zum Alten Testament, Freiburg, 1902); Das Alte Testament und die Ausgrabungen (Giessen, 1903); Die Schätzung des Königtums im Alten Testament (Marburg, 1903); Was soll die Gemeinde aus dem Streit um Babel und Bibel lernen? (Tübingen, 1903); and Hebräische Litteraturgeschichte (Leipsic, 1906). He also translated A. Kuenen's National Religions and Universal Religions (Hibbert Lectures for 1882, London, 1882) under the title Volksreligion and Weltreligion (Berlin, 1883), and a number of the same scholar's monographs as Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur biblischen Wissenschaft (Freiburg, 1894). He has likewise edited the eighth and ninth editions of J. Hollenberg's Hebräisches Schulbuch (Berlin, 1895, 1900) and Eduard Reuss' Briefwechsel mit seinem Schüler und Freunde Karl Heinrich Graf (in collaboration with H. J. Holtzmann, Giessen, 1904).