BRULLY, brü"yî' (BRUSLY), PIERRE (Petrus Brulius): The successor of Calvin in Strasburg; b. at Mersilhaut (Mercy-le-Haut, about 2 m. s.e. of Metz) c. 1518; burned at the stake at Tournai (14 m. e. of Lille), Flanders, Feb. 19, 1545. Educated for the Church, he became lector in the Dominican convent at Metz and was expelled in 1540 or 1541 for sympathizing with the Reformation. In July, 1541, he was in Strasburg and intimate with Calvin, in whose house he lived, and when Calvin was recalled to Geneva (1541) succeeded him in the pastorate. In September, 1544, he undertook a missionary journey to Flanders on the invitation of persons in Tournai who wished instruction in the Reformed faith; preached there and in neighboring cities with earnestness and success, but necessarily in secret, as to preach Protestant doctrine was forbidden. He was arrested at Tournai in November, condemned, and executed, notwithstanding efforts made to save him from Strasburg and by the Protestant princes of Germany.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: C. Paillard, Le Procès de Pierre Brully, Paris, 1878; R. Reuss, Pierre Brully, Strasburg, 1879.

BRUNETIÈRE, brü"ne-tyār', MARIE FERDINAND: French Roman Catholic critic; b. at Toulon (42 m. e.s.e. of Marseilles) July 19, 1849; d. in Paris Dec. 9, 1906. Educated at Marseilles and at the Lycée Louis le Grand, Paris, he became secretary of the editorial board of the Revue des deux mondes in 1875 and editor in 1893. He was appointed professor of the French language and literature at the École Normale Supérieure, Paris, and in 1893 became a lecturer at the Sorbonne. He delivered a course of lectures in the United States in 1897. In 1887 he was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor, and in 1893 was admitted to the French Academy, while in 1895 he was appointed a commander of the Order of Pius IX. His theological attitude was noteworthy in that, like Coppée, Huysmans, and other distinguished literary men of France, he became convinced of the truth of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, abandoning the agnosticism which be had formerly professed. His writings, which mark a new epoch in French criticism, include Études critiques sur l'histoire de la littérature française (7 vols., Paris, 1880-1903); Histoire et littérature (3 vols., 1884-86); Questions de critique (2 vols., 1889-90); Évolution des genres dans l'histoire de la littérature (1890); Nouvelles questions de critique (1890); Les Époques du théâtre français 1636-1850 (1892); Essais sur la littérature contemporaine (2 vols., 1892-95); L'Évolution de la poésie lyrique en France au dixneuvième siècle (2 vols., 1894); Éducation et instruction (1895); La Moralité de la doctrine évolutive (1896); La Renaissance de l'idéalisme (1896); Le Roman naturaliste (1896); Manuel de l'histoire de la littérature française (1897; Eng. transl., New York, 1898); and Discours académiques (1901); Les motifs d'espérer (1902); Cinq lettres sur Ernest Renan (1903); Les difficultés de croire (1904); and Sur les chemins de la croyance (1904).