BROWN, FRANCIS: Presbyterian; b. at Hanover, N. H., Dec. 26, 1849. He was educated at Dartmouth College (B.A., 1870), Union Theological Seminary (1877), and the University of Berlin (1877-79). He was assistant master in Ayers' Latin School, Pittsburg, Pa., in 1870-72, and tutor in Greek in Dartmouth College in 1872-74. He became instructor in Biblical philology in Union Theological Seminary, New York City, 1879; associate professor of the same, 1881; professor of Hebrew and the cognate languages, 1890; and also president, 1908. He was president of the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis in 1895-96 (member since 1881); president of the Society of Historical Theology (Oxford) in 1899-1900 (member since 1891; member of the American Oriental Society since 1881). He was Ely lecturer in Union Theological Seminary in 1907; head of the American School for Oriental Study and Research in Palestine, 1907-08. He has written: The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles (New York, 1384; in collaboration with R. D. Hitchcock); Assyriology, its Use and Abuse in Old Testament Study (1885); A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (12 parts, Oxford, 1891-1906; in collaboration with S. R. Driver and C. A. Briggs); and The Christian Point of View (New York, 1902; in collaboration with A. C. McGiffert and G. W. Knox).

BROWN, HUGH STOWELL: English Baptist; b. at Douglas, Isle of Man, Aug. 10, 1823; d. at Liverpool Feb. 24, 1886. He learned surveying, and became a railroad engineer; at twenty-one entered King William's College, Castletown, Isle of Man, to study for the ministry of the Established Church; doubts concerning the baptismal teachings of the Church and the relations of Church and State led him to think of returning to his trade; in 1846 he joined the Baptists, in 1847 became minister of the Myrtle Street Chapel, Liverpool, and remained there till his death. He inaugurated Sunday afternoon lectures for workingmen, with whom, owing to his early experiences, he had great influence. He was president of the Baptist Union 1878, an active member of the Baptist Missionary Society, and president of the Liverpool Peace Society. He published numerous lectures and sermons.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Hugh Stowell Brown, his Autobiography, his Commonplace Book, and Extracts from his Sermons and Addresses, a memorial Volume, edited by his son-in-law, W. S. Caine, London, 1887; DNB, supplement vol., i. 300-301.

BROWN, JAMES BALDWIN: English Congregationalist; b. in London Aug. 19, 1820; d. there June 23, 1884. He studied at London University (B.A., 1839); studied law for two years and then studied theology at Highbury College; became minister of London Road Chapel, Derby, 1843; of Claylands Chapel, Clapham Road, London, 1846, and remained with this congregation till his death; a new church on Brixton Road (Brixton Independent Church) was occupied in 1870. He was distinguished for the breadth of his theological views and strongly opposed to Calvinism. He took an active interest in public movements such as the relief of the laboring classes during the Lancashire cotton famine. He favored the opening of the Crystal Palace on Sundays, and was a warm advocate of the admission of dissenters to the universities. He strenuously opposed the doctrine of conditional immortality as a deadly error. In 1878 he was chairman of the Congregational Union; at this time a movement to discover some common ground on which Christians of various ways of thinking might unite in independence of dogma and of the historic side of Christianity had made such progress as to call for repressive action on the part of the Union in the opinion of many; he strongly opposed such action, but was overruled and outvoted. His more important books were: The Divine Life in Man (London, 1859), which brought upon him a charge of heterodoxy; The Soul's Exodus and Pilgrimage (1862); The Divine Treatment of Sin (1864); The Home Life in the Light of its Divine Idea (1866); Idolatries, Old and New, their Cause and Cure (1867); The First Principles of Ecclesiastical Truth (1871); The Higher Life, its Reality, Experience, and Destiny (1874); The Doctrine of Annihilation in the Light of the Gospel of Love (1875); Home, its Relation to Man and Society (1883).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: For his life consult Elizabeth B. Brown, J. Baldwin Brown Minister of Brixton Independent Church, London, 1884 (by his wife).