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Masculine:  κλώψ thief (κλωπ-), γύ̄ψ vulture (γῡπ-), Ἄραψ Arab (Ἀραβ-), θώρᾱξ breastplate (θωρᾱκ-), ὄνυξ nail (ὀνυχ-). Feminine:  κλῖμαξ ladder (κλῑμακ-), μάστῐξ whip (μαστῑγ-, 254 b), σάλπιγξ trumpet (σαλπιγγ-), κατῆλιψ upper story (κατηλιφ-). 

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STEMS IN A DENTAL (τ, δ, θ)

Masculine: γέλως laughter (γελωτ-), ἐλέφᾱς elephant (ἐλεφαντ-), λέων lion (λεοντ-), ὀδούς tooth (ὀδοντ-), voc. ὀδούς. Feminine:  ἐσθής clothing (ἐσθητ-), ἔρις strife (ἐριδ-), ἀσπίς shield (ἀσπιδ-), πατρίς fatherland (πατριδ-), κόρυς helmet (κορυθ-).

a. In πούς foot, Doric πώς (stem ποδ-) ου is irregular.

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ὄνομα name (ὀνοματ-), στόμα mouth (στοματ), μέλι honey (μελιτ-), γάλα milk (γαλακτ-, 133 b), φῶς light (φωτ-), κῆρ heart (for κηρδ-, 133 b).

a. Stems in ας (264) drop ς before the endings and contract αο, αω to ω, and αα to ᾱ.

b. κέρας, meaning wing of an army, is declined from the stem κερασ- (ἐπὶ κέρως in single file); in the meaning horn, from the stem κερᾱτ-.

c. For the inflection ἧπαρ, ἥπατ-ος, see 253 b. Of like inflection are ἄλειφαβ fat, φρέᾱρ cistern, δέλεαρ bait, and poetic ἦμαρ day, εἶδαρ food, πεῖραρ end.

d. τέρας, κέρας form their nominative from a stem in ς. So, too, πέρας end πέρατ-ος, φῶς light (contracted from φάος) φωτ-ός (253 c).

259.

stems in a liquid (λ, ρ) or a nasal (ν)

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stems in a liquid (λ, ρ) or a nasal (ν)  —Concluded

ὁ αἰθήρ upper air (αἰθερ-), ὁ κρᾱτήρ mixing bowl (κρᾱτηρ-), ὁ φώρ thief (φωρ-), τὸ νέκταρ nectar (νεκταρ-), ὁ δελφί̄ς dolphin (δελφῑν-), ὁ Ἕλλην Greek (Ἑλλην-), ὁ δαίμων divinity (δαιμον-), voc. δαῖμον, 249 b. The only λ stem is ὁ ἅλς salt (pl. grains of salt); ἡ ἅλς (poetic) means sea. ὁ μήν month was originally a sigma stem (μηνσ-, cp. mensis).

260. Accusative Sing. – Ἀπόλλω and Ποσειδῶ are found as well as Ἀπόλλωνα, Ποσειδῶνα. The shorter forms are regular in inscriptions, and occur especially in expressions of swearing after νὴ τόν, μὰ τόν (1596 b).

261. Vocative. – σωτήρ preserver, Ἀπόλλων, Ποσειδῶν (from Ποσειδέων, -ά^̄ων, -ᾱϜων) have voc. σῶτερ, Ἄπολλον, Πόσειδον with recessive accent. Recessive accent also occurs in compound proper names in -ων; as Ἀγαμέμνων, Ἀγάμεμνον; Αὐτομέδων, Αὐτόμεδον; Φιλήμων, Φιλῆμον; but not in those in -φρων (Εὐθύφρον). Λακεδαίμων has Λακεδαῖμον.

STEMS IN ερ VARYING WITH ρ

262. Several words in -τηρ show three forms of stem gradation: -τηρ strong, -τερ middle, -τρ weak. ρ between consonants becomes ρα (35 b). The vocative has recessive accent. ἀνήρ man has the weak form in ρ even before vowels; between ν and ρ, δ is inserted by 130.

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a. The accent in the weak forms of μήτηρ, θυγάτηρ in the gen. and dat. sing. follows that of πατρός, πατρί.

b. γαστήρ belly, has γαστρός, etc. Δημήτηρ is inflected Δήμητρος, Δήμητρι, Δήμητρα, Δήμητερ.

c. ἀστήρ star has gen. ἀστέρος, dat. ἀστέρι, dat. pl. ἀστράσι.