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431 RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA Thomasins Thomson work was the Aneienne et nouvelle discipline de l'eglise touchant les benefices et les benkftciers (3 vols., Paris, 1678-79; Lat. transl., by himself, 1688), which is still one of the chief sources for the sub ject and made so great an impression on Pope In nocent XI. that he would have called the author to Rome and made him a cardinal had not Louis XIV. refused to allow so great a scholar to leave France. Besides many minor writings, Thomassin pub lished Dissertationes in concilia generalia et particu laria (Paris, 1667); Memoirs sur la grdce (1668); Dogmata theologica (3 vols., 1680-89; ed. F. Ecalle, 6 vols., Paris, 1864-70); and a Glossarium uni versale Hebraicum (1697), in which he tried to prove that the Hebrew was the original language and the mother tongue. (E. FRIEDBERGt.) BIBLIOGRAPHY: L. E. Dupin, Nouvelle ba3liothaque, Rvlii. 187-196, 35 vols., 1689-1711; C. Thomaesin, Louis de Thoraassiu, der groase Theolope Frankreichs, Munich, 1892. THOMPSON, CHARLES LEMUEL: Presbyte rian; b. at Allentown, Pa., Aug. 18, 1839. He was educated at Carroll College, Wis., (A.B., 1858), Princeton Theological Seminary (18580), and McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago (1860 1861). He held pastorates in his denomination at Juneau, Wis. (1861-62), Janesville, Wis. (1862-67), First Presbyterian Church, Cincinnati, O. (1867-72), Fifth Presbyterian Church, Chicago (1872-78), Third Presbyterian Church, Pittsburg, Pa. (1878 1882), ~ Second Presbyterian Church, Kansas City, Mo. (1882-88), and Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York City (1888-98). Since 1898 he has been secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. He was editor of The Interior (Chicago) in 1877-79, and has written: Times of Refreshing: A History of American Revivals (Chicago, 1877); Etchings in Verse (New York, 1890); and The Presbyterians (1903). THOMPSON, JOSEPH PARRISH: Congrega tionalist and Egyptologist; b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 7, 1819; d. in Berlin, Germany, Sept. 20, 1879. He was graduated from Yale, 1838; studied theology at Andover Theological Seminary and at Yale, 183810, when he was ordained; was pastor of Chapel Street Church, New Haven, 18405; in 1843 was a founder of the New Englander; pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle, New York, 1845-71; in 1848 helped to establish The Independent, of which he was also an editor for many years. He visited Palestine and Egypt, 1852-53, and wrote much on that branch of study. During the whole period of the civil war he labored with assiduity for the main tenance of national unity on principles of universal freedom. Because he found in Germany a state of things which seemed to call for a defense of American institutions, and an exposition of American ideas, he took up that line of work, and became a link'be tween the United States and Germany. During the " centennial " year, 1876, he vindicated his native land against European prejudices by a course of six philosophical lectures on American political history, which he delivered in Berlin, Florence, Dresden, Paris, and London, and published as The United Slates as a Nation (Boston, 1877). He resided in Germany, 1872-79, where he was active in oriental
studies, political, social, and scientific discussions, and in various foreign societies. In 1875 he went to England to explain publicly Germany's attitude in regard to Ultramontanism. His personal influence secured the insertion, in the Berlin Treaty of 1878, of a clause favoring religious liberty; and among his last works was the preparation, for the Evangelical Alliance at Basel (1879), of a memorial in behalf of religious liberty in Austria. He was the author of Man in Genesis and Geology (New York, 1869); Theology of Christ, from his own Words (1870); Home Worship (Boston, 1871); Jesus of Nazareth: his Life for the Young (1875); and The Workman (New York, 1879).
THOMPSON, RALPH WARDLAW: English Congregationalist; b. at Bellary (270 m. n.w. of Madras), South India, Aug. 28, 1842. He was educated at South African College, Cape Town, (B.A., University of the Cape of Good Hope) and at-Cheshunt College, England (1861-65). He entered the Congregational ministry and was minister of the Ewing Place Congregational Church, G]asgow (1865-70), and of the Norwood Congregational Church, Liverpool (1871-80). Since 1881 he has been foreign secretary of the London Missionary Society. In 1908 he was chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales. He has at various times made official visits to the society's stations in India, China, South Africa, Madagascar, New Guinea, and the South Seas. His publications embrace, My Trip in the John Williams (London, 1900); and Griffith John, Story of Fifty Years in China (1906, new ed., 1908).
THOMPSON, ROBERT ELLIS: Presbyterian; b. near Lurgan (19 m. s.w. of Belfast), County Armagh, Ireland, Apr. 5, 1844. He left Ireland for the United States in early life, and was educated at the University of Pennsylvania (A.B., 1865) and the Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Philadelphia (1868). He was licensed to preach by the Reformed Presbytery of Philadelphia in 1867 and was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1874. From 1868 to 1892 he was connected with the University of Pennsylvania, where he was professor successively of Latin and mathematics (1868-71), social science (1871-81), and history and English literature (1881-92). In 1894 he became president of the Central High School in Philadelphia. He was editor of The Penn Monthly (1870-81), and of The American Weekly (1881-92). Since 1892 he has been a member of the staff of The SundaySchool Times. His writings of theological interest are: De civitate Dei: The Divine Order of Human Society (Stone lectures; Philadelphia, 1891); The National Hymn-Book of the American Churches (1893); -History of the Presbyterian Chxtrches of America (New York, 1895); The Hand of God in Human History (1902) ; Harvard University Lectures on Protection to Home Industry (1908); The Apostles as Everyday Men (1910); and The Historic Episcopate (Philadelphia, 1910).
THOMSON, ANDREW MITCHELL: Presbyterian; b. at Sanquhar (50 m. s.w. of Edinburgh)
July 11, 1779; d. at Edinburgh Feb. 9, 1831. He
