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assembly supervision, the matter of location being left to the assembly. Mr. Cyrus H. McCormick had offered an endowment of $100,000, on condition that the seminary be moved to Chicago, and the assembly accordingly voted for this site and elected new professors and a board of directors of what was now called the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest. From 1859 to 1881, the seminary maintained its position in spite of difficulties and limited endowment, but in the latter year reconstruction took place, and from that date onward new professorships were established and enlarged endowments obtained, new dormitories and a library building were erected, and a large increase was secured in the number of books. In 1886 the name was changed to the McCormick Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church. The institution stands for the largest and broadest theological culture, the deepening and strengthening of the intellectual and spiritual life of the students, and the promotion of all that will fit them for efficient work both at home and abroad. The men who have filled its chairs or been prominent in its board of directors have been leaders in the councils of the church in many important crises. The first theological student association in the country was organized at McCormick in 1897, and became one of the important factors in the development of the theological section of the Student Department of the Y. M. C. A. Prominent among its instructors, now deceased, were Drs. John Matthews, E. D. MacMaster, Nathan L. Rice, R. W. Patterson, Charles Elliott, William M. Blackburn, and Leroy J. Halsey. The number of instructors in 1910 was fifteen, and there are forty directors, consisting of an equal number of ministers and elders, who control all affairs pertaining to the institution, and have not only the choice and election of professors, but also of trustees who are responsible for the care of the property. An annual report is made to the General Assembly, which has the right of veto on appointment to board or faculty. The number of students in 1910 was 141, coming principally from the states west of the Alleghanies, although Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Italy, Mexico, Persia, and Syria are also represented. The great majority are Presbyterian by training, with a few of other denominations. The amount of endowment is $1,981,234, and the number of books in the library is 34,290.

A. S. CARRIER.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: L. J. Halsey, History of the McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago, 1893; D. W. Fisher, McCormick Theological Seminary, Historical Sketch, Chicago, 1910.

6. Northwest: This institution, formerly known officially as " The German Presbyterian Theological School of the Northwest," reincorporated in 1911 as the Dubuque German College and Seminary, is located in Dubuque, Ia., where it was founded in 1852 by the Rev. Adrian Van Yliet. The German immigrants had begun to pour into the Mississippi Valley, and large numbers of them were cut off from religious services because they could not understand the preaching in the American churches. The school commenced in a small way in the pastor's study, where a few German boys were trained for work among their countrymen. The enterprise rapidly

developed; a second teacher, Rev. Godfrey Moery, was secured, and a building adjoining the church was purchased and fitted up for the school, for which the Presbytery of Dubuque, in Iowa, and the Presbytery of Dane, in Wisconsin, both under the care of the old School General Assembly of the Presbyterian Clurch, became responsible. When the Old School and New School churches united, the German Seminary came under the care of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, and in 1871 a well-appointed school building was bought. Among other early professors may be mentioned Rev. Jacob Conzett, Rev. A. J. Schlager, Rev. Adam McClelland, Rev. A. Van der Lippe, and Rev. N. M. Steffens. The seminary has for its object the education of a ministry of foreign speech for the immigrant population, and in this work it is the pioneer in the Presbyterian Church. It was found that it was impossible to supply the churches with an imported ministry, and that where such ministers were secured they were not desirable. Hence Van Vliet planned to send out young men of immigrant families, trained as the American minister is trained to take the gospel to their countrymen; and as this necessitated not only theological, but classical and scientific education, the school was organized into three departments, academy, college, and seminary. This plan has met with the cordial approval of the Assembly, and the work for foreign-speaking people is undertaken on this method, its success being witnessed by over a hundred churches organized by its graduates among the Germans. This aspect of the activity of the seminary has so extended that a well-equipped Bohemian department has been added, while the school has many other races among its studentsDutch, Slovak, Russian, Mexican, Jewish, Rumanian, Bulgarian, Hungarian and Japanese.

In 1907 the growing work entered a new and large building with an extensive campus. Already the collegiate department had been erected into the German Presbyterian College, and the scope had been broadened so that a classical education is offered to those who do not intend to enter the ministry. The number of students in the year 1911 was 119, coming from all parts of the United States as well as from Germany, Russia, AustriaHungary, Servia, Monaco, Japan, and Mexico. The present faculty numbers twelve: C. M. Steffens (president), W. O. Ruston (q.v.; dean), Albert Kuhn, W. C. Laube, John Zimmerman, Daniel Grieder, Alois Barta, F. T. Oldt, John A. McFadden, H. S. Ficke, Paul A. Walz, and Justus H. Brandan. The school is governed by twenty-four regular and four life directors, who are nominated by the board and approved by the General Assembly, and who operate under the care and with the review of the General Assembly. The interest-bearing endowment amounts to $200,000, and the amount invested in campus and buildings is $129,000, a total of $266,000, while the library contains 5,000 volumes. W. O. RUBTON.

7. Omaha: This seminary, located at Omaha, Neb., was founded Feb. 17, 1891, by clergymen and laymen from the Synods of Nebraska, Iowa, Mis-