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Tertullian THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG BOB Tatrapolitan Confession Die Altercatio Simonis dudcei . . . auf ihre Quellen Ge priift, Berlin, 1890; C. A. H. Kellner, Chronolopid Ter tulliance suPPlementa, Bonn, 1890; E. Noeldechen, Ter tullian, Goths, 1890; G. Rauch, Die Einfluas der ato%schen Philosophic auJ die Lehrbildung Tertulla:ans, Halle, 1890; F. Cabrol, Tertullien scion M. Courdaveaux, Paris, 1891; H. G. Voigt, Eine verschollene Urkurule des antinomiatisehen Kampfea, Leipsie, 1891; bl. Klussmann, Ezcerpta Ter tullianea in Isidori HispaLeresis etymologiis, Hamburg, 1892; K. H. Wirth, Der " Verdienst "-Begri,$ bei Ter tullian in der christlichen Kirche entwickelt, Leipsic, 1892; C. T. Cruttwell, Literary Hist. of Early Christianity, 2 vole., London, 1893; G. Esser, Die Seelenlehre Tertullians, Paderborn, 1893; J. E. B. Mayor, TertuLlian's Apology in Journal of Philosophy, aai (1893), 259-295; H. Gom perz, Tertullianea, Vienna, 1895; E. Rolffa, in TU, aii. 4 (1895); K. Werber, Tertullians SchriJt De spectaculia in ihrem Yerhtiltnis zu Varros Rerum divinarum Zibri, Teschen, 1890; M. Winkler, Der Traditionabegri,$ des Urchristentums bei Tertullian, Munich, 1897; P. Wolf, Die StelLung der Christen zu den SchauspieLen each Tertullians SchriJt De sPeclaculis, Vienna, 1897; E. M. Gaucher, L'Apologie de Tertullien, Auteuil, 1898; J. Stier, Die Gottes- and Logos-Lehre Tertulliana, Gottingen, 1899; F. Battenbusch, Das apostoliache Symbalum, ii. 53 aqq., Leipsic, 1900; P. Monceaux, Hist. litt6raire de fAfrique chr6tierene, vol. i., Paris, 1901; E. von der Goltz, Daa Gebel in der altesten Chrastenheit, pp. 279 aqq., Leipsic, 1901; A. Bigelmair, Die Beteiligunp der Christen am b$entlichen Leben in vorkonstantiniacher -Zeit, Munich, 1902; C. H. Guignebert, Tertullien. Ptude sur sea sen timents a l'l:gard de L'empire et de la aocietE civsle, Paris, 1902; K. J. Neumann, Hippolyt von Rom in seiner Stel lung zu Stoat and Welt, vol. i., Leipsie, 1902 A, d'Alps, Theologie de TertulLian, Paris, 1905 (excellent); W, Vol lert, Tertullians dogmatische and ethiache Grundanschauung, Giitersloh, 1905; B. B. Warfield, in Princeton Theological Review, 1905, pp. 529-555, 1906, pp. 1-36, 145-167; K. Adam, Der Kirchenbegri,$ Tertulliana, Paderborn, 1907; Kriiger, History, pp. 256-280 et passim; Bardenhewel, Geschichte, pp. 39, 41, 310 sqq., 365; idem, Patrodogie, pp. 157-167, Eng, transl., St. Louis, 1908; Ceillier, Auteura sacr6s, ii. 1-86. TESCHENMACHER, tesh'en-m$x"er, WERNER: Reformed pastor and Annalist; b. at Elberfeld (25 m. n.n.e. of Cologne) Sept. 13 (old style), 1590; d. at Xanten (32 m. n.n.w. of Diisseldorf) Apr. 2, 1638. He was educated at the Reformed schools at Herborn, 1601-06, and received his master's degree at Heidelberg in 1609; was pastor of a circuit of churches in the government of Jiilich, 1611-13; at Sittard in the Netherlands, 1613-15; at Elberfeld, 1615-17; at Clever, 1617-23; and court preacher at Emmerich for the government of Brandenburg, I 1623-32. After the Spanish occupation the Re formed in the vicinity of Jiilich, Berg, and Wesel were driven from their churches in consequence of an edict of Nov. 3, 1625, and Teschenmacher was instrumental in gaining an intervention on the part of the Netherlands states-general, and the restora tion of the churches. Two of Teschenmacher's works were printed: Repetitio brevis catholicte et orthodoxce religionis (Wesel, 1635), containing brief historical and dogmatic parts; and Anales Clivice Julice Montiium . . . (Arnheim, 1638). His most valuable work was Annales ecclesiastics reformationis ecclesiarum Clivice, Julite, Montium. The original manuscript, dedicated under date of 1633, has dis appeared, but was used by J. D. von Steinen, who incorporated more than one-fourth into his Beschrei bung der Reformationsgeschiehte des Herzogthums Cleve (1727). A copy of the manuscript is preserved in the royal library at Berlin. The work, though lacking in perspective and a knowledge of political surroundings, yet is distinguished by learning and
conscientiousness, and the immediate use of rare manuscript sources; and it is of much local interest. (E. SIMONS.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY: W. Harlem, in Zeitschrift des bergiachen Gaschichtavereins, axviii. 207 sqq.; idem, in ADB, vol. xxxvii.; E. Simons, in Theologische Arbeiten aus dem rheinischen wisaenschaftlichen Prediger-Verein, new aeries; iii (1899), 70 sqq.; A. Lorenz, Die alle reformierte and die neue evangdische Gemeinde, pp. 68 sqq., Grevenbroich, 1905.
TESSEN-WESIERSgI, FRANZ VON: German Roman Catholic; b. at Berent (30 m. s.w. of Danzig), West Prussia, Dec. 22, 1869. $e was educated at the University of Breslau (Lie. Theol., 1894), where he became privat-docent in 1895, first for church history and later (1897) for apologetics. Since 1899 he has been associate professor of the latter subject in the same institution, and in 1900 was given charge of the courses in philosophical and theological propaedeutics. He has written Die Grundlagen des IPunderbegri.,ffs mach Thomas von Aquin (Paderborn, 1899); and Der Autoritdtsbegri, f in den HauPtphasen, seiner historischen Enturickelung (1907).
TEST ACT: The name-commonly applied to an act of parliament passed in 1673, formally entitled i " An Act to Prevent Dangers from Popish Recusants," which extended the provisions of the Corporation Act (q.v.) to public offices in general. It disqualified for all offices, civil or military, those who had not taken the oaths of allegiance and supremacy, received the sacrament according to the rites of the Church of England, and renounced the doctrine of transubstantiation. It was partly the result of intrigues within the Cabal, forwarded by Shaftesbury with the intention of driving Clifford from office, and partly aimed at the duke of York (later James IL), who was then high admiral. William of Orange declared in favor of its principle, and it was maintained by both whigs and tories, until both acts were repealed in 1828 on the motion of Lord John Russell.
TESTAMENTS OF THE TWELVE PATRIARCHS. See PSEUnEPIGRAPHA.
TESTAMENTUM DOMINI ftOSTRI JESU CHRISTI: A church order of the fifth century. The Testament was written originally in Greek, but is not extant in that language. A Syriac translation from the Greek was made by Jacob of Edessa in 687. An Arabic version exists, taken from a 1 ost Coptic translation. Analogous to the Arabic is an Ethiopic translation. Fragments of the liturgy may be looked for in many manuscripts, since a few prayers were long in use, partly to the present time. A fragment, the description of Antichrist, exists in Latin, which may, however, antedate the Testament. In the Arabic and Syriac the Testament appears as the first part of an octateuch entitled Clementia. The division into eight books was in imitation of the Apostolic Constitutions which apparently it was to replace, and as such found place among the books of the Bible in manuscripts. Nothing certain is known of the age and origin of the octateuch; it was received in various oriental legal collections.
The contents of the Testament are arranged in three parts, loosely connected: an apocalypse, i.
