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sum annhart
Sun and Bun Worship THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
138
ache Studien (of
Utrecht), i (1883
), 313-323,
and ii
(1884),
1817, and next year became a local Wesleyan
447-451,
by H. G. Kleyn, ii
(1884), 145-162,
by Van
mister. In 1819 he was received on trial in the
Toorenenbergen· K. Benrath, in JPT, vii.
127 sqq.;
Diisterdieck, in
GGA,1878,
and Hattenbusch, in the same,
Methodist Conference of Ireland, and in Mar., 1821,
1883;
P. Hofstede de Groot, in
De Tijdspiegel, 1882-83;
having emigrated to America, in the New York
and M. A. Gooszen, in
Geloof en Vrijheid, 1882.
conference. He leaped into astonishing popularity
SUMMENHART, KONRAD:
Scholastic theo- by reason of his eloquence, and in 1822 he preached
logian; b. at Ca:w (20 m. w.n.w. of Stuttgart), in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, every
W iirttemberg, or more probably in the village of where heard by great crowds. Because of ill-health
Sommenhardt (close by Calw), between 1450 and he was in France and England, 1822-24, returning
1460; d. at the monastery of Schuttern near Offen- to New York Apr. 19, 1824, but he was not able
burg (17 m. s.s.w. of Carlsruhe), Baden, Oct. 20, again to do full work. He was a founder of the
1502. He was a representative of the scholastic re- American Tract Society. His
Sermons and Sketches
action against William of Occam's formalism, which of
Sermons
was published (New York, 1842).
constituted the realistic transition to humanism,
BiBLIOGBAPHY: Lives were written by J. Holland, New York,
and has been lauded as a precursor of the Reformar
1829
and W. M. Willitt Philadelphia,
1857.
Consult
tion. Summenhart studied first at Paris, and in
further: N. Bangs,
Hast. of the M. E. Church, iii. 324-329,
New York,
1860·
W. B. Sprague,
Annals of the Americas
1478 went to Tdbingen, where, from 1489, he lec-
Pulpit, vii. 639-654,
ib.
1861;
and literature (under
tured on canon law, sociology, and natural philoso-
METHODISTS)
on the early history
of
Methodism in
phy. The writings left by Summenhart, mainly his
America.
Tiibingen lectures, fall into three groups. The
SUMMERS, THOMAS OSMOND:
Methodist
Tractatus bipartitus de decimis
(Hagenau, 1497) Episcopal South; b. near Confe Castle (18 m. e.s.e.
and
Septipertitum opus de contractibus pro foro con-
of Dorchester), England, Oct. 11, 1812; d. at Nash
scientice
(1500) belong to the borderland of theol- villa, Tenn., May 5, 1882. His early religious train
ogy, sociology, and canon law. The second group ing was Calvinistic. He came to America, 1830,
consists of
Commentaria in summam physice Alberti
and united with the Methodist Church; . joined the
Mogni
(Freiburg, 1503), essaying a pious explana- Baltimore Conference, 1835; was ordained deacon,
tion of nature. The third group is composed of oc- 1837, and elder, 1839; was an organizer of the first
casional addresses:
Oratio funebris pro Eberhardo
Texas conference, 1840, and a missionary to Texas,
(Tdbingen, 1498);
Quod dens homo fieri voluerit;
1840-43; member of the Alabama conference,
and
Tractatulus exhortatorius super decem defectibus
1843-76; and secretary of the Louisville Conven
virorum monasticorum
(1498), against monastic tion in 1845, at which the Methodist Episcopal
abuses. (H.
HERMELINK.)
Church South was organized. In 1846 he was ap
BIBLIGGRAPHY: J. J. Moser,
Vito prolessorum TUbingensium
pointed by the general conference to assist Bishop
pp. 36-41,
Tfibingen,
1'18- F.
x.
Linsenmann;
Konrad
Wightman as editor of
The Southern Christian Ad
Summenhart,
ib.
1877;
K. Steiff,
Der erste Buchdruck in vOCCL~E
published at Charleston S. C. while there,
Tiibingea, pp. 50-53, 228-233,
ib.
1881;
H. Hermelink, , P , ,
Die theologische Fakultat in Tiibingen vor der Reformation,
he edited for four years the
Sunday-School Visitor.
pp. 156-162, 194-195,
ib.
1906; Wiirttembereische Viertel-
He was the general book editor for the organization
jahrshefte
far
Landeageschichte, 1906, pp. 331 sqq.
of the church, editing some 300 volumes; he re
SUMMERBELL, MARTYN:
Free Baptist; b. moved to Nashville in 1855, where he took charge
at Naples, N. Y.> Dec. 20> 1847. He was educated
of
The Quarterly Review;
performed pastoral work
at the College of the City of New York (A.B., 1871), in Alabama, 1862-66; in 1866 was elected editor of
pursued a post-graduate course in New York Uni- the Nashville
Christian Advocate;
was professor of
versity (1886-89; Ph.D., 1889), and was non-resi- systematic theology in Vanderbilt University, Nash
dent professor of pastoral theology in the Christian ale; also dean of the theological faculty and ex
Biblical Institute, Stanfordville, N. Y. (1874-1901). officio pastor, 1874-$2. He was secretary of every
He has held successive pastorates at the Christian general conference of his church, devoted much time
Church of the Evangel, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1866-80), to hymnology, and was chairman of the committee
the First Christian Church, Fall River, Mass. (1880- that compiled the hymn-book, which he edited.
1886), St. Paul's Evangelical Church, New York Possessed of encyclopedic knowledge, and always
City (1886-88), and the College Church, Bates Col- abreast of the times, he was thoroughly Wesleyan.
lege, Lewiston, Me. (1888-98). He was instructor and Arminian in his creed, but in hearty sympathy
in church history at Cobb Divinity School, Lewis- with all Evangelical denominations of Christians.
ton, Me. (1895-98), and was elected president of He edited
Songs of Zion: Supplement to the Hymn
the Palmer Institute, Starkey Seminary, Lakemont,
book of the Methodist Episcopal Church South
(Nash
N. Y., in 1898, which position he still occupies. In
villa,
1851);
Biographical Sketches of Itinerant
theology he holds to " fellowship for active Chris-
Ministers, Pioneers within Bounds of the Methodist
tians of every name on the basis of vital Christian
Episcopal Church, South
(1858) ; and wrote
Baptism:
piety." He has written
Special Services for Chris- its Nature, Perpetuity, Subject . . . With Strictures
tian Ministers
(Fall River, Mass., 1885) and is joint
on Howell's " Evils of Infant Baptism " (1852
); com
author of
The People's Bible History
(Chicago, 1895). mentaries on the Gospels (1868-72), the ritual
SUMMERFIELD, JOHN: Methodist Episcopal; (1873), and the Acts (1874).
b. in Preston (28 m. n.w. of Manchester), England,
BiBLIOGRAPHy:
0. P.
Fitzgerald,
Dr. Summers, a Life Study,
Jan. 31, 1798; d. in New York June 13, 1825. He Nashville,
1884.
was educated at the Moravian Academy at Fairfield, SUMNER, JOHN BIRD: Archbishop of Canter
near Manchester; was sent into business at Liver- bury; b. at Kenilworth (44 m. n.n.w: of Oxford),
pool; removed to Dublin, 1813; was converted inEngland, Feb. 25, 1780; d. in Addington (12 m. s.