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ancient languages in Troy Conference Academy, West Poultney, Vt., 1844-46; owing to failure in health he occupied himself in study and held various economic positions, 1846-57; was professor of Biblical literature, and acting president of Troy University, 18581; and professor of exegetical theology in Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J., from 1868. He was a member of the Old Testament Company of revisers; and was the author of Harmony and Exposition of the Gospels (New York, 1852); Harmony of the Gospels in the Greek of the Received Text (1854); Irenics: A Series of Essays showing the virtual Agreement between Science and the Bible (New York, 1883); and edited Daniel (1876) and Esther (1877) in the American edition of Lange. His most important work was the editing, at first with Dr. McClintock for 3 vols., and afterward alone, of a Cyclopledia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature (10 vols., New York, 1867-81; with a supplement in 2 vols., 1885-87) ; the work was begun in 1853. He also published a literal translation of Ecclesiastes (1877).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Methodist Review, Ixxvi (1894), 783-788; J. W. Mendenhall, in Old and New Testament Student, uv (1892), 71-76.

STRONG, JOSIAH: Congregationalist; b. at Naperville, Ill., Jan. 19, 1847. He was educated at Western Reserve College (A.B., 1869) and at Walnut Hills Seminary (now Lane Theological Seminary), Cincinnati, O. (graduated 1871). He was home missionary at Cheyenne, Wyo. (18711873) ; instructor in natural theology in Western Reserve College (1873-76); pastor af Sandusky 0 (1876-81); secretary of the Ohio Home Missionary Society (1881-84); pastor in Cincinnati (1884-86); secretary of the Evangelical Alliance (1886-98). Since 1898 he has been president of the American Institute of Social Service. Besides editing Social Progress from 1904 to 1907 he has written Our Country (New York, 1885); The New Era (1893); The Twentieth Century City (1898); Religious Movements for Social Betterment (1900); Expansion (1900), The Times and Young Men (1901); The Next Great Awakening (1902); The Challenge of the City (1908); Studies in the Gospel of the Kingdom (1910); and My Religion in Everyday Life (1910).

STRONG, NATHAN: Congregationalist: b. in Coventry, Conn., Oct. 16, 1748; d. in Hartford, Corm., Dec. 25, 1816. Having been graduated at Yale College in 1769, he pursued the study of law for a time; was tutor in Yale College in 1772-73; and, after a brief course of theological reading, was ordained pastor of the First Congregational Church in Hartford, Conn., Jan. 5, 1774, holding this pastorate nearly forty-two years, and making the church the strongest in the state. During the early part of his work, in the midst of the colonial troubles with Great Britain, he published many political papers which exerted a wide and deep influence. These and other discussions were characterized by a wit sometimes keenly sarcastic in character. During the last twenty years of his pastorate he became eminent as a revivalist, and was, in the best sense of the term, a pulpit orator. His Imowledge of human nature was remarkable. This gave him an

exceptional degree of authority among the churches, and a rare degree of skill in conducting revivals. He was an indefatigable student; but his learning was developed in his intellectual character, not in his references to books. He was also a pioneer in the cause of Christian missions, and has been regarded as the father of the Connecticut Missionary Society (1798), the oldest of the permanent missionary societies in the land. His most noted work was The Doctrine of Eternal Misery Consistent with the Infinite Benevolence of God (1796); he published also two volumes of Sermons (1798-1800); and was the projector and principal compiler of the Hartford Collection of Hymns (1799), to which he contributed several hymns, among them " Swell the anthem, raise the song."

BIBLioaRAPBY: W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, ii. 34 11, New York, 1359; F. H. Foster, Hero England Theology, pp. 209-210, Chicago, 1907.

STRONG, THOMAS BANKS: Church of England; b. in London Oct. 24, 1861. He was educated at Christ Church College, Oxford (B.A., 3883), and was ordered deacon in 1885 end ordained priest in the following year. He was lecturer of his college (1884-1901), where he was also student (1888-1901); and has been dean since 1901. He was examining chaplain to the bishop of Durham 1889-1901; and has been examining chaplain to the bishop of London since 1905. He was Bamvpton lecturer in 1895, and has written Manual of Theology (London, 1892); Christian Ethics (Bampton lectures,- 1896); Doctrine of the Real Presence (1899); Historical Christianity (1902); and Authority in the Church (1903).

STRYKER, MELANCHTHON WOOLSEY: Presbyterian; b. at Vernon, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1851. He was graduated from Hamilton College (A.B., 1872) and from Auburn Theological Seminary (1876). He held pastorates at Presbyterian churches at Auburn, N. Y. (1876-78), and Ithaca, N. Y. (18781883), at the Second Congregational Church, Holyoke, Mass. (1883-85), and the Fourth Presbyterian Church, Chicago, Ill. (1885-92), and since 1892 has been president of Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y. He has written The Song of Miriam (Chicago, 1888); Church Song (hymnal; New York, 1889); Dies Irce, with Versions (Chicago, 1893); Hamilton, Lincoln, and Addresses (Utica, rf. Y., 1895); Letter of James (Boston, 1895); Latte:rmuth (poems; Utica, 1896); College Hymnal (New York, 1897); Well by the Gate (sermons; Philadelphia, 1903); and Baccalaureate Sermons to the Graduating Classes of Hamilton College 1893-1906 (Utica, 1905).

STRYPE, JOHN: Historiographer of the English Reformation; b. at Houndsditch Nov. 1, 1643; d. at Hackney Dec. 11, 1737. .After passing through St. Paul's school, he entered Jesus College, Cambridge, 1662, from which he was transferred to Catherine Hall (B.A., 1665; M.A., 1669). He was made curate of Theydon Bois, Essex, and of Low Leyton, Essex, 1669. Archbishop Teniaon conferred upon him the sinecure of West Tarring, Sussex, 1711, and he was lecturer of Hackney, 16891724. He published vol. ii. of J. Lightfoot's Works (London, 1684); Memorials of . . . Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury. Wherein the history