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1889; J. G. Wilson, Life, Character and Death of Rev. T. H. Stockton, Philadelphia, 1889.

STODDARD, CHARLES AUGUSTUS: Presbyterian; b. in Boston, Mass., May 28, 1833. He was educated at Williams College, Williamstown, Mass. (A.B., 1854), the University of Edinburgh and Free Church of Scotland Theological Seminary (1855-56), and at Union Theological Seminary (graduated, 1859), after which he was pastor of the Washington Heights Presbyterian Church, New York City, until 1883. In 1869 he was associate editor, in 1873 part owner, and from 1885 to 1902 editor-in-chief of The Observer; he has also been active in directing and promoting various philanthropic enterprises. He edited The Centennial Celebration of Williams College (Williamstown, Mass., 1894) and has written Across Russia from the Baltic to the Danube (New York, 1891); Spanish Cities, with Glimpses of Gibraltar and Tangier (1892); Beyond the Rockies (1894); A Spring Journey in California (1895); and Cruising Among the Caribbees (1895; new ed., 1903).

STODDARD, DAVID TAPPAN: Congregational missionary; b. at Northampton, Mass., Dec. 2, 1818; d. at Urumiah, Persia, Jan. 22, 1857. He studied at Round Hill Academy and Williams College; was graduated from Yale College, 183$, and from Andover Theological Seminary, 1841; sailed as missionary to the Nestorians, 1843, among whom he labored successfully. From 1848 to 1851 he was in America on a visit. He was particularly interested in the Nestorian youths whom he gathered in the seminary established in 1844 at Urumiah. His theological lectures, which embraced a complete course of doctrinal theology, he delivered in Syriac. His Grammar of the Modern Syriac Language was published in the Journal of the American Oriental Society, New Haven, Conn., 1855.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. P. Thompson, Memoir of David Tappan Stoddard, New York, 1858.

STODDARD, SOLOMON: Congregationalist; b. in Boston, Mass., 1643; d. at Northampton, Mass., Feb. 11, 1729. He was graduated from Harvard College, 1662; was chaplain in Barbados for two years; preached at Northampton 1669-1729, when he was succeeded by his grandson, and colleague from 1727, Jonathan Edwards. From 1667 to 1674 he was first librarian at Cambridge. He is remembered for his theory that" the Lord's Supper is instituted to be a means of regeneration," and that persons may and ought to come to it, though they know themselves to be in a " natural condition." He wrote The Safety of Appearing at the Day of Judgement, in the Righteousness of Christ (Boston, 1687; 3d ed., 1742); The Doctrine of Instituted Churches Explained and Proved from the Word of God (Boston, 1700; a reply to Increase Mother's The Order of the Gospel, Professed and Practised by the Churches of Christ in New England, Justified, Boston and London, 1700); An Appeal to the Learned, Being a Vindication of the Right of visible Saints to the Lord's Supper, though they be Destitute of a saving Work of God's Spirit on their Hearts; Against the Exceptions of Mr. Increase Mother (1709); A Guide to Christ, or the Way of Directing

Souls that are under Conversion (1714); An Answer to some Cases of Conscience (1722).

STOECKER, stuk'er, ADOLF: German United Evangelical; b. at Halberstadt (31 m. s.w. of Magdeburg) Dec. 15, 1835; d. at Nuremberg Feb. 25, 1908. He was educated at the universities of Halle and Berlin (1854-57); was private tutor in Neustadt (1857-59) and in Kurland (1859-63); became pastor at Seggerda, near Halberstadt, where he remained until 1866, when he was called in a similar capacity to Hamersleben; from 1871 to 1874 he was military divisional pastor at Metz (1871-74); was court and cathedral preacher at Berlin (1874-91); in 1891 his political views caused his dismissal. In 1878 he became a member of the general synod of the Evangelical Church. Stocker's chief fame

due to his foundation, in 1878, of the Christian socialist party, and to his sturdy advocacy of antiSemitism, since he regarded Judaism as a danger both to Christianity and to the political strength of Germany.

of these views to the Prussian diet in 1879, retaining office until 1898, while from 1881 to 1893 he was likewise a member of the Reichstag, reelected in 1898. He served as president of the Christlich-Sozialer Verein, which, owing to the decline of the anti-Semitic movement in Germany, had diminished in prestige. In 1887 he founded the Deutsche evangelische Kirchenzeitung, which he edited after 1892. He wrote Christlich-Soxial (Bielefeld, 1884); Fins ist Not, ein Jahrgang Volkspredigten fiber freie Texte (Berlin, 1884); O Land, bore des Herrn Wort, ein Jahrgang Volkspredigten fiber die Episteln (1885); Den Armen wird das Evangelium gepredigt (1887); Die sozialen and kirchlichen Notstande in grosser Stadten (Stuttgart, 1888) ; Wan, delt im Geist (Berlin, 1888); Die sonntagliclae Predigt (1889); Salz der Erde (1892); Waeh auf, evangelisehes Volk (1893); Dreizehn Jahre Hofprediger and Politiker (1895); Gesammelte Schriften (1896); Verheissung and Erfiillung (1896); Das Evangelium eine Gotteskraft (1900); Bestdndig in der Apostel Lehre (1901); and Das Leben Jesu in taglichen Andachten (1903).

STOESSEL, JOHANN: .German theologian; b. at Kitzingen (10 m. s.e. of Wurzburg) June 23, 1424; d. at Senftenberg (33 m, n.e. of Dresden) Mar. 18, 1576. After taking his degree at Wittenberg in 1549, he was called, as an anti-Philippist, to Weimar by Duke John Frederick as chaplain, and in this capacity he took part with Maximilian Morlin, court chaplain at Coburg, in introducing the Reformation in the margravate of Baden-Durlach in 1556, vigorously opposing everything divergent from strict Lutheranism. In the same spirit he opposed Melanchthon at the colloquy of Worms