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is attributed to him on account of a notice in the Munich manuscript, but John of Damascus does not name the author and its authorship is disputed also on internal grounds. (4) Acts martyrii Areaatasio; Persice is ascribed in a Florentine manuscript to George of Pisidia and printed in his works (MPG, xcii. 1680-1829), but by Usener is attributed to Sophroniua on the basis of the Berlin manuscript Phill. 1458. (5) According to Papadopulos-Kerameus (Hierosolymitikg Bibliothek~, iv. 162-163, St. Petersburg, 1899) a life of the Four Evangelists is to be ascribed to Sophronius. (6) The Pratum Spiritteale of Moachua was possibly revised or edited by Sophronius, to whom tradition ascribed it. In MPG (ut sup.), cots. 3201-3364, appear eight (or nine) orations, to which A. Papadopulos-Kerameua (in Analecta, ut sup., v. 151-168) adds a tenth. Of dogmatic works may be noted the Epistola synodica (MPG, ut sup., cola. 3147-3200), two fragments on confession of sins and the baptism of the apostles (cola. 3365-72) and one on a decision of Basil of Carsarea (cola. 4011-12)'; and possibly a collection of about 600 sayings of the Fathers; a " Dogmatic Discourse on Faith " (cf. Papadopulos-Kerameus, Bibliotheke, ii. 403, ut sup.). The prayer still recited on Epiphany in the Greek Church (MPG, ut sup., 4001-04) is carried back to Sophronius.

In the history of Greek church poetry the Anar creontic odes ascribed to Sophronius are very cerebrated; many critics, indeed, compare them with the products of the golden age of Greek literature. With this valuation Krumbacher totally disagrees, but his harshly unfavorable decision (Geschichte, p. 672) is not well supported. Many of the poems have a warm, appealing, and personal note, together with a certain independence in the choice of poetic figures. Twenty-two odes are to be found in MPG (ut sup., cols. 3725-3838), and some of them appear in various reprints and anthologies. The first thirteen arose in the period of his first stay in the monastery, the rest either during his wanderings or during his second monastic period. Sophronius also wrote occasional poems.

The foregoing discussion assumes the identity of Sophronius the patriarch and Sophronius the sophist. This identity has been disputed. The problems are better settled by assuming the identity than by assuming two personalities, and tradition supports this, especially as represented by John of Damascus (MPG, xciv. 1280,1316, 1336) and Johannes Zonaras (" Life of Sophronius," in Papadopulos-Kerameus, Analecta, ut sup., v. 137-151). A final decision must be awaited until a final critical edition of the

BIBLIOGRAPHY: On 1: G. Wentzel, in TU, xiii. 3 (1895); O. von Gebhardt, in TU, xiv. 1 (1896); M. Schanz, Geschichte der riimiachen Litteratur, iv. 40708, 448-449, Munich, 1904; DOB, iv. 718; Ceillier, Auteura sacr6s, vi. 278-279, vii. 553, 595; KL, xi. 519-520.

On 2 consult: John of Damascus, MPG, aciv. 1280, 1316, 1336; Photius, in MPG, ciii. 868; Eustathius, in Mansi, Concilia, xiii. 80; Krumbaeher, Geachichte, pp. 188 sqq. et passim; Fabricius-Harles, Bibliotheca Grceca, is. 182-189, Hamburg 1804; A. Mai, SPicilepium Romanum, iii., pp. v.-xx.,10 vole., Rome. 1839--44; E. Bouvy, Poatea et m0odea, pp. 169-182, 195 sqq., Nimea, 1866 (on the literary characteristics); H. Uaener, Relipionapeschichdliche UrUerauchunpen, i. 328-330, Bonn, 1889; H.

Leond%oe' von Neayolia Leben des heilipen Johannes des Barmherz4gen, pp. 117-120, Freiburg, 1893; W. Meyer; Der akzentuierte Satzachlusa in der griechiachen Prosy vom !,. bra sum 18. Jahrhundert, Gbttingen, 1891; Johannes Zonaras, Vita SoPhronia, in A. Papadopulos-Kerameus, AnaZecta, v. 137-151, St. Petersburg, 1898; S. Vailh6, in Revue de 1'orient ehrft%en, vii (1902), 360-385, viii (1903), 329, 356-387 (gives list of earlier literature); DCB, iv. 719721; KL, u. b18-519.

in 1254 by Robert de Sorbon (1201-70), canon of

Notre Dame and confessor and counselor of Louis

IX., for poor theological students, and later domi

nating not only the theological faculty, but also

the entire University of Paris. Primarily designed

for those who were unable to pay the high, prices

demanded for board and lodging, and

Foundation to instruct those who were not in sym

and pathy with the scholastic subtleties

Organize- propounded in the other schools, as

tion. well as with the added design of having

the teachers reside in the same house

as their pupils, the Sorbonne was established in the

Rue Coupe-Gorge, opposite the baths of the Em

peror Julian. Robert himself made a small endow

ment for his foundation, which later received many

augmentations, although he earnestly desired that

the institution might never become rich. The mem

bers of the Sorbonne were not bound by.monastic

rules, and its regulations, formulated, by Robert

after eighteen years of testing, remained almost un

changed until the Revolution. According to these

regulations, published at Paris in 1740 under the

title Bisciplina Sorbonca domes, there were three

classes of members of the Sorbonne: socii (" fel

lows "), who were not bound to residence within

its precincts; hospices (" guests "); chiefly priests liv

ing in the house; and benefteicxrii (" beneficiaries"),

who were either poor French aspirants for the min

istry receiving free maintenance while preparing for

the priesthood, or well-to-do foreign students who,

on, payment, might reside there for several months.

The socii and hospites formed the majority. The

latter were admitted only after a rigid examination

in character and theology, and no one could become

a soci2ts unless he had been a hosPes for several

years, the new socius likewise pledging himself in

the chapel of the Sorbonne to obey all the regula

tions and never to enter a :monastic order. The

hospices and socii, both those who enjoyed free resi

dence and those who paid (the charge originally

being three sous weekly, later increased to six), ate

at the same table and had the same rights, the house

providing bread and wine, although other food had

to be purchased. When a hospes received his licen

tiate in theology, he gave place to another. No one

was permitted to remain longer than ten years, al

though, the title of socius Sorbon,ce was inalienable.

The officers were elected by the members, the term

being for one year, except in the case of the presi

dent (provisory, who had control of discipline. Tile

prior kept the keys and directed the studies and

examinations, the librarian had charge of the books,

and the censor drew up the reports of the council.

There was also a standing committee, composed of

the oldest socii elected .from each " nation " (cf.