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to the bishop of St. David's (1882-97), and honorary canon of Worcester (1887-96), and Bampton lecturer in 1873. He has written Life of Our Blessed Saviour (London, 1864); Faith and Philosophy (1867); The Characteristics of Christianity (Bampton lectures; 1873); History of the Diocese of Worcester (in collaboration with P. Onslow; 1883); History of Christian Monasticism (1892); Boniface (1896); The Holy Days (poems; 1900); The Athanasian Creed (1902); What is Truth 1 (1905); and Thoughts on Religion. (2 series, 1909).

SMITH, JAMES ALLAN: Church of England; b. at Pyecombe, Sussex, Aug. 2,1841. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford (B.A., 1863), and was ordered deacon in 1864 and ordained priest in 1865. He was curate of Holy Trinity, Marylebone, 1864-66; lecturer of Boston, Lincolnshire, 1866-70; vicar of Holy Trinity, Nottingham, 1870-84; and vicar of Swansea in 1884-1902 and of Hay in 19021903; prebendary of Sanctm Crucis in Lincoln Cathedral in 1875-97, and chancellor and canon residentiary of St. David's Cathedral in 1897-1903; became dean 1903; chaplain to the bishop of St. David's, 1897.

SMITH, JOHN: Founder of the General Baptists. See SMYTH6 JOHN.

SMITH, JOHN: One of the leaders of the school of seventeenth-century philosophers known as the " Cambridge Platonists " (q.v.); b. at Achurch (14 m. s.w. of Peterborough), Northamptonshire, 1616; d. at Cambridge Aug. 7, 1652. He studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge (B.A., 1640; M.A.,1644, in which year he was chosen fellow of Queen's). He seems to have shown something of Whichcote's marvellous power as a teacher, and to have been of pure and lofty character; but he left behind him nothing except the Select Discourses (ed., with Memoir, J. Worthington, London, 1660), which are animated by the breath of a high, divine reason, and show a logic almost as keen and direct as Chillingworth's, and an imagination as rich as Jeremy Taylor's. Taken together, they form the first part of a scheme of thought which Smith did not live to finish. The opening discourse, " Of the True Way or Method of Attaining to Divine Knowledge," gives the keynote of his system, and shows how he attempted to draw up a scheme of speculative, and Platonic, philosophy. Having defined the mode of attaining the divine, and distinguished it from atheism on one side and superstition on the other, he proceeds to expound its main principles, immortality and God, to which he intended to add " the communication of God to mankind through Christ.

BIHLIOGBAPHT. Besides the memoir in the Select Discourse*, ut sup., consult: W. M. Metcalfe, Natural Truth of Christianity, Paisley, 1880; J. Talloch. Rational Theology and Christian Philosophy in England in the 17th Century, ii. 117-192, Edinburgh, 1882; E. T. Campagnac, The Cambridge Plakniats, Oxford, 1901; E. George, Seventeenth Century Men of Latitude: Forerunners of the New Theology, New York, 1908; DNB, liii. 74-75: and in general the literature under CAMBRIDGE PLATONIHTe.

SMITH, JOHN PYE: English Independent; b. at Sheffield May 25, 1774; d. at Guildford (17

m. s.w. of London) Feb. 5, 1851. He had no regular schooling, but read omnivorously in his father's book-shop, and in 1796, on the expiration of his apprenticeship, studied theology at Rotherham Academy until 1800, when he was appointed resident tutor at Homerton College, London. Six years later he was promoted to a theological tutorship, which he retained until shortly before his death. As tutor he lectured on the New Testament, Hebrew grammar, logic, rhetoric, mathematics, and, in his later years, on science. He was essentially a man of industry, versatility, and piety rather than of brilliancy or depth, yet he made a profound impression on the theological thought of his time by his Scripture Testimony to the Messiah (2 vols., London, 1818-21; a valuable defense of Trinitarianism against Unitarianism) and Relation between the Holy Scripture arid some Parts of Geological Science (1839). He was likewise the author, among other works, of The Reasons of the Protestant Religion (London, 1815); Four Discourses ors the Sacrifice arid Priesthood of Jesus Christ, and on Atonement aced Redemption (1828); On the Principles of Interpretation as applied to the Prophecies of Holy Scripture (1829); Scripture and Theology (1839); and the posthumous First Lines of Christian Theology (1854).

BIHLJoaHAPHY: J. Medway, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of John Pye Smith, London, 1853; DNB, liii. 8"7.

SMITH, JOHN TALBOT: Roman Catholic; b. at Saratoga, N. Y., Sept. 22, 1855. He was educated at the Cathedral School, Albany, N. Y., and at St. Michael's College, Toronto (1874-81). After being a missionary in the Adirondacks from 1881 to 1889, he was editor of the New York Catholic Review from 1889 to 1892. Since 1900 he has been a trustee of the Catholic Summer School, and president since 1905. He has written A Woman of Culture (New York, 1881); Solitary Island (1884); His Honor, the Mayor (1891); Saranac (1893); The Training of a Priest (1896); The Chaplain's Sermons (1896); Brother Azarias (1897); Lenten Sermons (1899); The Man who Vanished (1902); The Closed Road (1904); and History of the Catholics of New York (3 vols., 1905).

SMITH, JOSEPH FIELDING: Mormon; b. at Far West, Mo., Nov. 13, 1838. At the age of ten, he went to Salt Lake with the other Mormons expelled from Nauvoo, and for six years (1848-54) was a herdsman, harvester, and woodsman in Utah. In 1854 he was sent as a Mormon missionary to Hawaii, where he remained until 1858, returning to be sergeant at arms of the territorial legislature (1858-59). In 1858 he was made a high priest and a member of the high council, and in 1860 was a missionary to England, also visiting Denmark and Paris in 1862. He again visited Hawaii in 1864, where he was in charge of the Mormon missionaries, but was recalled and was associated with the church historian's office, and engaged in home missionary work, until 1866, when he was ordained an apostle, being also elected a member of the city council of Salt Lake City and of the territorial legislature in the same year. In 1867 he was made one of the council