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conservative, and, besides his work as associate editor of The Missionary Review of the World, has written The Proverbs and Common Sayings of the Chinese (Shanghai, 1888); Chinese Characteristics (Chicago, 1890); Village Life in China (1899); China in Convulsion (1901); Rex Christus: An outline Study of China (New York, 1903); China and America Today: Study of Conditions and Relations (1907); and Uplift of China (1907).

SMITH, BENJAMIN MOSBY: Presbyterian; b. at Montrose, Powhatan County, Va., June 30, 1811; d. at Petersburg, Va., Mar. 14, 1893. He was graduated at Hampden-Sidney College, Prince Edward County, Va., 1829, and at Union Theological Seminary, Va., 1834; was tutor there, 1834-36; pastor at Danville, Va., 1838-40; at Tinkling Spring and Waynesborough, 1840-45; and at Staunton, 1845-54; and then became professor of oriental and Biblical literature in Union Seminary. From 1858 to 1874 he was with Dr. Dabney pastor of the Hampden-Sidney College Church. He published A Commentary on the Psalms and Proverbs (Glasgow, 1859; 3d ed. Knoxville, Tenn., 1883); Family Religion (Philadelphia, 1859); Questions on the Gospels (vol. i., Richmond, 1868).

SMITH, CHARLES SPENCER: African Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. at Colborne, Ont., Mar. 16, 1852. He was ordained to the ministry of his denomination at the age of twenty; and was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives (1874-76). He then pursued a course of study at Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tenn. (graduated 1880). In 1882 he founded the Sunday-school Union of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he was secretary and treasurer until 1900, when he was elected bishop. He is presiding bishop of the missions of his denomination in South Africa, having visited the western and southwestern coast of that continent in 1894. He has written Glimpses of Africa, West and Southwest Coast (Nashville, 1895).

SMITH, CHARLES WILLIAM: Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. in Jefferson township, Fayette Co., Pa., Jan. 30, 1840. He was educated in the public schools and privately. For twenty-one years (1859,80) he held pastorates in the Centreville circuit, Somerset Co., Pa., Carmichaels, Pa., Bridgeport, Pa., Carson Street, Pittsburg, Uniontown, Pa., Arch Street, Alleghany, Pa., First Church, Canton, O., Smithfield Church, Pittsburg, and First Church, McKeesport, Pa. He was presiding elder of the Pittsburg district, 1880-84, and from 1884 until 1908, when he was elected bishop, was editor of the Pittsburg Christian Advocate. He was vice-chairman of the committee that framed the present constitution of his denomination and a member of that which compiled the present hymnal of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church, South; and that assisted in organizing the Methodist Church in Japan.

SMITH, DAVID: Presbyterian; b. at Carluke (28 m. s.w. of Edinburgh), Lanarkshire, Scotland, May 21, 1866. He received his education at the academy at Rothesay, Isle of Bute, Glasgow Uni-

versity (M.A., 1887; D.D., 1908), and the Free Church College, Glagsow; was Geo. A. Clark scholar and lecturer in Glasgow University; minister of the United Free Church, Tulliollan, 1894-1907, and of St. Andrew's United Free Church, Blairgowrie, 1907-10; Bruce lecturer in Glasgow United Free College, 1909-10; and was appointed professor of theology in Magee College, Londonderry, 1910. He has written: The Days of his Flesh: the earthly Life of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (London, 1905; 8th ed., 1910); The Pilgrim's Hospice: a little Book on the Holy Communion (1906); the volume on Matthew's Gospel in The Westminster New Testament (1908); The Face of Jesus (1908); A Legend of Bethlehem (1909); Man's Need of God (1910); A Legend of Jerusalem (1910); and the Epistles of John in The Expositor's Greek Testament (1910).

SMITH, ELI: American missionary and Biblical translator; b. at Northford, Conn., Sept. 15, 1801; d. at Beirut, Syria, Jan. 11, 1857. He was graduated from Yale College, 1821, and from Andover Seminary in 1826, and in May of the same year embarked as a missionary of the American Board to Malta. In 1827 he went to Beirut, and in March, 1830, undertook with Harrison Gray Otis Dwight, under directions from the American Board, a journey through Persia, to get information concerning the Nestorian Christians. The expedition, which lasted a year, resulted in the establishment of a mission among that people. In 1838 he accompanied Edward Robinson in exploring the desert of Sinai. He accompanied the same scholar on his journey in 1852, and contributed materially to the accuracy and discoveries of Robinson's Researches. In 1846 he began his translation of the Bible into Arabic, and finished a translation of the entire New Testament, and the Pentateuch, historical books, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and other portions of the Old Testament. He possessed eminent attainments in Arabic, and has a distinguished place in the annals of the American mission at Beirut. He published Researches of... Eli Smith and . . . H. G. 0. Dwight in Armenia: including a Journey through Asia Minor and into Georgia and Persia, with a Visit to the Nestorian and Chaldean Christians of Oormiah and Salmas (2 vols., Boston, 1833; London, 1834).

SMITH, GEORGE: Assyriologist; b. at Ca (4 m. s.w. of St. Paul's), England, Mar. 26, 1840; d. at Aleppo, Turkey, Aug. 19, 1876. He began life as an engraver; taught himself the oriental languages, and first came into prominence in 1866 by a contribution to the London Athenancm, upon the Tribute of Jehu, which revealed his studies, assiduously carried on at leisure moments, of the Ninevite sculptures in the British Museum. In 1867 he entered upon his official life at the British Museum, and in 1870 was appointed a senior assistant of the lower section in the department of Egyptian and Oriental antiquities, and from that time stood in the first rank of Assyrian scholars. He made expeditions to Nineveh in 1873 at the expense of the London Daily Telegraph, and in 1874 and 1875 on behalf of the British Museum, and obtained immense