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the ordainer becomes suspended from his pontifical prerogatives. All provisory transactions wherein simony has been committed are invalid. Whoever has procured a benefice through simony, becomes irregular, deposed from office, and incapable of obtaining abother appointment. Forfeiture of the benefice ensues even for the one who has obtained it through an act of simony wrought by others without his accessory knowledge, counsel, or approval, only he may recover such benefice by dispensation, unless in case of a simoniacal election. The inmate of a cloister who is guilty of simony in connection with admission to the cloister is visited with suspension from all capitulary offices, and from all rights of jurisdiction. The latest regulations are found in Constitutiones Pii IX., Apostolicce sedis, Oct. 12, 1869.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: N. A. Weber, A Hist. of Simony in the Christian Church, Baltimore, 1909 (goes down to the 9th century); Bingham, Oriflinea, IV., iii. 14, XVI., vi. 28-30; G. Phillips, Lehrbuch des Kirchenreehts, $ 193, 7 vole., Regensburg, 1845-72; N, Munchen, Dos kanonische Strafrecht, ii. 274 sqq., Cologne, 1866; P. Hinsehius, Kirchenreeht. v. 161 sqq., Berlin, 1893; A. Leins, Die Simonie. Eine kanonistische Studie, Freiburg, 1902; Hirsch, in Archiv fur katholisches Kirehenrecht, Ixxxvi (1906), 3-19; D. Barry, in Ecclesiastical Review, Sept., 1908, pp. 234-245; J. Drehmann, Papst Leo IX. and die Simonie. Ein Beitrap zur Untersuchung der Vorgeschichte des Investituratreites, Leipsic. 1908; DCA, ii. 1900-01; KL, xi. 321-324; Schaff, Christian Church, vol. 1, passim. Documents relating to the subject are given in Reich, Documents, pp. 152, 198.

SIMPLICIUS, sim-plish'i-us: Pope 468-483. According to the Liber pontifualis he came from Tibur (20 m. n.e. of Rome), and was consecrated as the successor of Hilary possibly on Mar. 3, 468. His importance arises from his participation in the Monophysitic controversy (see MONOPHYsrrEs, §§ 5-7), in which he was second only to Leo the Great and Hilary. He made Bishop Zeno of Seville apostolic vicar in Spain. His biography names four churches at Rome which were dedicated by him, the establishment of a hebdomarius for baptism and penitence, and the offering of costly church vessels. His death, according to Duchesne (Liber pontificalis), occurred on Mar. 10, 483 (not Mar. 2).

(A. HAUCK.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Sources are. Liber pontificulis, ed. Mommsen in MGH, Gest. pont. Rom, i (1898), 112-113; Jan, Repesta, i. 77 eqq.; Epistold Romanorum pontifcum penuin®, ed. A. Thiel, i. 174 aqq., Braunsberg, 1867 (the letters of Simplicius); MPL, Ixviii. 1019 eqq.; and Evagriue, Hiat. eccl., III., iv. eqq. Consult further: J. Lsngen, Geschichte der r8mischen Kirche, ii. 126 eqq., Bonn, 1885; Hefele, Concilienpeschichte, ii. 802 sqq., Eng. trawl., iv. 26 eqq., Fr. trawl., ii. 2, pp. 9, 15 eqq.; Bower, Popes,

i. 257-271; Milman. Latin Christianity, i. 314, 328-327; DCB, iv. 890-895 (full discussion); and the relevant literature under MONOPHYSITE&

SIMPSON, ALBERT B: Presbyterian; b. at Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, Dec. 15, 1844. He was graduated at Knox College, Toronto, in 1865, and also received his theological education there. He was pastor of Knox Church, Hamilton, Ont., 1865-74, Broadway Tabernacle, Louisville, Ky., 1874-$0, Thirteenth Street Presbyterian Church, New York, 1880-81; since 1881, of the Gospel Tabernacle in the same city. He has been president of the Christian and Missionary Alliance since 1887, and in theology holds " the Evangelical faith in a conservative rather than liberal sense," also believing in adult baptism by immersion, though not a Baptist. Besides editing the Chris tian and Missionary Alliance since 1887 and Living Truths since 1903, he has written The Gospel of Healing (New York, 1884); Divine Problems in Genesis and Exodus (1890); The Land of Promise (1892); The Gospel of the Kingdom (1893); Jesus in the Psalms (1895); Heart Messages for .Sabbaths at Home (1897); Larger Outlooks on Missionary Lands (1897); The Holy Spirit; or, Power from on High (2 vols., 1899); Days of Heaven upon Earth (1900); Discovery of Divine Healing (1902); Christ in the Bible (a Bible commentary; 24 vole., 19021907); Echoes of the New Creation (1903); and collaborated with M. Wilson in Henry Wilson, One of God's Best (1909).

SIMPSON, JAMES GILLILAND: Church of England; b. at London Oct. 16, 1865. He was educated at Trinity College, Oxford (B.A., 1888), and was ordained to the priesthood in 1891. He was successively curate of Leeds parish church (18891893), curate of Edinburgh Cathedral and viceprincipal of Edinburgh Theological College (18931894), rector of St. Paul's, Dundee (1895-1900), and principal of Leeds Clergy School and lecturer at Leeds parish church (1900-10), besides being chaplain to the bishop of Brechin (1896-1900), and select preacher at Oxford (1909). Since 1910 he has been a canon of Manchester. He has written Christian Ideals (London, 1908), Fact and Faith (1908), and Christus Cructfixus (1909).

SIMPSON, MATTHEW: Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. at Cadiz, O., June 21, 1811; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., June 17, 1884. He was educated at Madison College (subsequently merged into Alleghany College, Meadville, Pa.), where he was tutor in 1829; studied and practised medicine, 1829-35; was ordained deacon in the Methodist Episcopal Church 1835, and elder in 1837; was vice-president and professor of natural science in Alleghany College, 1837-39; president of Indiana Asbury University, Greencastle, Ind., 1839-48; editor of The Western Christian Advocate, Cincinnati, O., 18481852; and was elected bishop 1852. He changed his residence in 1859 from Pittsburg, Pa., to Evanston, Ill., and became president of the Garrett Biblical Institute in the latter place. He was the acknowledged prince of Methodist preachers, and his eloquent addresses did good service for the Union cause during the Civil War, enjoying, as he did, the personal