genfeld, Die elementinischen Recognitionen and Homilien, pp. 317 sqq., Jena, 1848; idem, in ZWT, xi (1868), 357396, xlvii (1904), 545-567, xlix (1906), 66-133; J. Grimm, Die Samariter, pp. 125-175, Munich, 1854; E. Zeller, Apostelgeschichte, pp. 158 sqq., Stuttgart, 1854, Eng. transl., Contents and Origin of the Acts of the Apostles, i. 250 sqq., London, 1875; G. Volkmar, in Tfibinger theolopische Jahrbiicher, 1856; R. A. Lipsius, Quellen der rdmischen Petrussage, pp. 13-46, Kiel, 1872; idem, Die apokryphen Apostelgeschichte, ii. 1, pp. 28-69 et passim, Brunswick, 1884; J. Delitzsch, in TSK, xlvii (1874); Dieterlen, L'Ap6tre Paul et Simon le Magicien, Nancy, 1878; T. Zahn, Cyprian von Antiochien and die deutsche Faustsage, Erlangen, 1882; C. Bigg, in Studia Biblica, ii (1890), 157-193; F. Spitta, Die Apostelgeschichte, ihre Quellen, pp. 145 sqq., Halls, 1891; C. Clemen, Chronologie der paulinischen Briefs, Halle, 1893; M. Krenkel, Josephus and Lucas, pp. 178-190, Leipsic, 1894; A. C. McGiffert, Apostolic Ape, pp. 99-100, New York, 1897; J. Kreyenbuhl, Das Evanpelium der Wahrheit, i. 174-265, ii. 100 sqq., Berlin, 1900-05; P. Lugano, in Nuovo Bulletino di archoologia cristiana, vi (1900); J. F. A. Hort, Notes Introductory to the Study of the Clementine Recognitions, London, 1901; R. Lieehtenhan, Die Offenbarung im Gnosticismus, pp. 5 sqq., 56-57, GSttingen, 1901; H. U. Mayboom, De Clemens-Roman, parts i.-ii. Groningen, 1902-04; H. Waitz, in ZNTW, v (1904), 121-143; idem, in T U, xxv. 4 (1904), 170 sqq., 202 sqq., et passim; Har nack, Litteratur, i. 153 sqq., ii. 2, pp. 518-540; Schaff, Christian Church, i. 257-258; Neander, Christian Church, vols. i-ii. passim; and, in general, histories of the apostolic age; DB, iv. 520-527; EB, iv. 4536-60; JE, xi. 371-373; DCB, iv. 681-688; the literature under CLEMENTINA; and GNOsmCISv; and the principal commentaries on the Acts of the Apostles.

SIMON (SIMEON) STOCK, SAINT: Carmelite and general of the order; b. in Kent, England, c. 1165; d. at Bordeaux, France, May 16, 1265. Tradition makes him take up the hermit's life at the age of twelve, entering the Carmelite order in 1201, and studying afterward at Oxford; he became vicargeneral for the West, 1215, was in Palestine in 1237, went to England in 1244, and became general in 1245. His chief claim to fame is as propagator of the Scapular (q.v.).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: ASB, May, iii. 653-654, 762, vii. 790; the Leben by A. Monbrun, Regensburg, 1888; DNB, Iii. 255; KL, xi. 319-320.

SIMON OF TOURNAI, tfir"n@': Teacher at the Sorbonne about 1200. Of his life scarcely a detail is known, but if he may be identified with the Simon recommended to the archbishop of Reims by Stephen of Tournai (MPL, ccxi. 353), he would seem to have been born at Tournai (48 m. s. by w. of Ghent). According to Matthew Paris (Chron. majarn, on the year 1301), who claimed to have his account from an eye-witness, Simon in one lecture alleged many objections to the doctrine of the Trinity, only to refute them in the following lecture. The applause which this won him filled him with such vanity that he blasphemously congratulated the Savior on the aid that his dialectic skill had given the Christian cause, though insuperable objections might have been brought against Christianity had the lecturer really been opposing it. Thereupon, Matthew records, Simon lost both speech and memory, and took two years to relearn the alphabet. A younger contemporary, the Dominican Thomas Cautipratanus (d. 1263), makes Simon declare Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed to be three impostors (Bonum univer sals de aptbus, 11. 48; Cf. IMPOSTORIBUS, DE TRIBITg), and then suffer loss of speech and memory; but

Henry of Ghent (q.v.) merely states that Simon, being too ardent an Aristotelian, was regarded by many as a heretic (De script. eccl., xxiv.). The entire account is explained by some as a legendary accretion, inspired by orthodox dread of the theological consequences of dialectic philosophy, about some catastrophe which befell Simon in the midst of a distinguished academic career.

(FERDINAND COHRB.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Histoire litt&aire de la France, xvi. 394; B. Haurdau, Hist. de la philosophic scholastique, ii. 1, pp. 58 sqq., Paris, 1880; H. Denifle, Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis, i. 45, 71, ib. 1890; Neander, Christian Church, iv. 418; KL, xi. 320-321.

SIMON ZELOTES, ze-16't5z: One of the twelve apostles. He is mentioned in all the New-Testament lists (Matt. x. 4; Mark iii. 18; Luke vi. 15; Acts i. 13). But with Luke alone, he bears the surname Zelotes; whereas in Matthew and Mark, as correctly read, he is termed the Canaanite, a designation which appears to be derived from a corresponding local name. The correct explanation of the term " Zelotes " is supplied by Luke, with his translation " Zealot," " man of ardor." The origin of this surname might rest in Simon's personal characteristics or in his individual labors rather than on the basis of some supposed connection with the revolutionary Galilean faction of Zealots (q.v-).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Besides the commentaries on the passages noted in the text, and the articles in the Bible dictionaries, consult: A. Edersheim, Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, i. 251, 522, ii. 603, New York, 1896; T. Zahn, Forschungen zur Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kamm, vi. 293, 321, 361, Leipsic, 1900.

SIMON, DAVID WORTHINGTON: English Congregationalist; b. at Hazel Grove (8 m. s.e. of Manchester), Cheshire, Apr. 28, 1.830; d. at Dresden Jan. 17, 1909. He was educated at Lancastershire Independent College, Manchester (1848-54), and the universities of Halle and Heidelberg (1854-5.5, 18571858), and at Tiibingen (Ph.D., 1363), residing for a time at Darmstadt. After holding Congregational pastorates at Royston, Herts (1856), and Rusholme, Manchester (1858), and after the completion of his studies in Germany, he was Berlin agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society (1863-69); principal and professor of general theology and philosophy at Spring Hill College, Birmingtam (now Mansfield College, Oxford), until 1884; principal and professor of systematic theology and church history in the Theological Hall of the Scottish Congregational Church, Edinburgh (1884-93); and became in 1893 principal of the Yorkshire United Independent College, Bradford, Yorkshire. He translated E. W. Hengstenberg's " Commentary on Ecclesiastes " (in collaboration with W. L. Alexan-