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Seventh-Day Adventists THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG 880 Severna BIBLIOGRAPHY: The Passio septem Dormientium, ad. B. Kruseh, is in MGH, Script. Per. Merov., i (1885), 848 853; and, with a preface, in Analeda Bollandiana, sii. 371-387, Paris, 1893; in Migne, MPL, lxxi. 1105-18; also, with comment by Cuypers and the Acts, in ASS, July, vi. 375-397. Consult: C. Baronius, Martyrologium Romanum, Cologne, 1810; A. Reinbrecht, Die Legends von den sieben Schldfern, GSttingen, 1880; J. Koch, Die Siebensch15Jerlegende, Leipsic, 1883; I. Guidi, Testi oraen tali copra i Seth Dormienti di EJeso, Rome, 1885; P. Caseel, Harmageddon, Berlin, 1890; J. Clermont-Ganneau, in Comptes rendus de 1'academie des Sciences, 4th ser., xxvi. 504-576, Paris, 1899 (of. Analecta Bollandiana, low, pp. 350-357); C. A. Bernouilli, Die Heilipen der Merovinger, pp. 180-109, Ttibingen, 1900; Gibbon, Decline and Fall, iii. 412-413; DCB, ii. 136; KL, xi. 278-279; Catholic Encyclopedia, v. 496-197. SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS. See ADVENTISTS, 2. SEVENTH-DAY BAPTISTS. See BAPTISTS, 11., 4, b. SEVENTH-DAY BAPTISTS, GERMAN. See COMMUNISM, 11., 5. SEVERIABS. See OPHITES. SEVERIANUS, se-of"ri-6'nus: Bishop of Gabala in Syria; d. after 408. He is of importance for the history of ecclesiastical politics at Constantinople in the time of Chrysostom. Socrates (Hilt. eccl., VI., xi.; Eng. transl., NPNF, 2d series, ii. 145-147) re lates that he was led by the success of Antiochus of Ptolemais in preaching at the capital to do the same, and also achieved success, though he was not per fect in Greek; he also won the friendship of Chrysostom. But he employed himself during the absence of Chrysostom in intriguing against him; Serapion, the supporter of the bishop, reported the activity of Severianus, and Chrysostom had him expelled from the city. The Empress Eudoxia, however, had him recalled, and Severianus continued his intrigues, and in further developments appears to little advantage. Palladiua blames him for the removal of Chrysostom from G~lcusus to Pityus. Gennadius (De vir.ill., xxi.) calls him a man learned in the Scriptures and an excellent orator, and read a commentary of his on Galatians and a Libellus gratissimus de baptismate et epiphanies sollemnitate, possibly to be identified with a Logos eis to theo phania (MPG, 1-ev. 15-26). Of the former there seems to be extant only what is contained in cita tions in catenm and like works. Of his homilies there remain fifteen in Armenian translation (ed. J. B. Aucher, 1827), two of these also are contained in Greek in the works of Chrysostoln (MPG, lvi. 553 564), and one among the homilies of Basil the Great (MPG, xxxi.). Another homily " °Dn peace" (ed. A. Papadopulos-Kerameus, in Analecta, i. 15 26, St. Petersburg, 1891), two fragments of a homily in Sahidie (ed. J. Leipoldt, in Aegyptische Urkunden der k6niglichen Museen zu Berlin, Koptische Urkun den, i. 6, pp. 425-428, Berlin, 1904), a small frag ment of a writing against Novatian (in Gelasius, De duabus naturis), and various sermons in Coptic translation (cf. W. E. Crum, Catalogue of the Coptic MSS. ire the British Museum, London, 1905) are ex tant. Ascribed to him also are homilies on the brazen serpent, on "The Seals of the Books," and one against the Jews (among Chrysostom's works in MPG, lvi. 499-516, lxiu. 531-544, lxi. 793-802). The fragment in MPG, lxv. 27-28, De pythonibus et maleficiis, ascribed by Mai to Severianus, is the work of Peter Chrysologus (see CHRYSOLOOUB; cf. F. Liveriani, Spicilegium Liberianum, i. 192-193, Florence, 1863). (G. KM)GER.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Besides the sources in Socrates, ut sup., and Sosomen, Hist. eccl., VIII., x., Eng. transl., in NPNF, 2 ser., ii. 405, consult: Fabricius-Harles, Bibliotheca Graca, x. 507-510, Hamburg, 1807; 0. Bardenhewer, Patrologie, p. 308, Eng. transi., St. Louis, 1908; idem, in KL, xi. 215 sqq.; DCB, iv. 625-626 (exceptionally good); Ceillier, Auteurs eacr6s, vii. 4-5, 121, 205-209, 343, x. 8.

SEVERINUUS, se"ve-A'nua: Pope 638-640. On the death of Honorius I. (Oct. 12, 638), a mutiny broke out in Rome, and though the Roman Seve rinus was chosen to succeed him, the army, filled with greed for the new pope's alleged wealth and aided by the populace, surrounded the Lateran. Three days later the leader of the mutineers, the chartularius Mauritius, helped seal the treasures of the Church, while at his instigation the exarch of Ravenna, Isaac, banished the leading clergy and seized the treasury. Under these conditions Seve rinus could not be enthroned, especially as the im perial confirmation, then necessary, was lacking. It was not until May 28, 640, that the pope was en throned, and on Aug. 2 of the same year he died. He is important only as having defended the doc trine of two energies and two wills in Christ, thus reversing the monothelite ekthesis and the course of his predecessor. (A. Ii AUCx.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Liber pontificalis, ad. Mommsen in MGM, Gest. Pont. Rom., i (1898), 175-176; JaffE, Regesta, p. 227; R. Baxmann, Die Politik der PSpste, i. 170, Elberfeld, 1808; J. Langan, Geschichte der rdmisehen Kirche, i. 516, Bonn, 1881; Bower, Popes, i. 436-437; Platina, Popes, i. 149-150; 3lilman, Latin Christianity, ii. 71; DCB, iv. 628.

SEVERINUS, SAINT: One of the chief agents in the conversion of Noricum (the modern Carinthia) to Christianity; b. in Italy, probably early in the fifth century; d. in Noricum Jan. 8, 482. Of his early life nothing is known except that he resided for a time among the monks of the East. Shortly after the death of Attila in 453, he went to northern Noricum, where he lived a life of rigid asceticism, while later pupils gathered around him, so that he was able to found monasteries at - Favianm and Passau. His influence was directed primarily toward religious and ethical elevation, and not only did he en oy the support of the clergy, but the.people regarded him as a prophet; and at the same time, orthodox though he was, he was highly esteemed by the Arians and by the Germans generally.

The biography of Severinus by Eugippius (ed. H. Sauppe, MGH, Auct. ant., i. part 2, 1877; P. Knoell, CSEL, viii. 2, Vienna, 1886) gives the first details of the religious conditions in Noricum since the entry of Christianity into the land soon after the close of the third century, except for the allusions of Athanasius to Norican bishops. In the biography the conversion of the land to Christianity is represented as complete, though pagan sacrifices were still occasionally offered in secret. There were dioceses at least of Lauriacum (Lorch) and Tiburnia (on the site of the modern Lurnfeld), and possibly of Celeia (GSlli) and Virunum (in Zollfeld, near