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to the nominee of the nobles, Sergius, whose intervention.alone saved his rival from death. His enthronement without the consent of the Emperor Lothair was, however, regarded by the latter as an infringement of imperial prerogatives, and in the summer of 844 an army, under the command of Lothair's son, Louis, invaded Roman territory; but the pope received the prince with all honor, though not avoiding a stormy interview with the bishops and princes in Louis's train. It is clear, nevertheless, that the pope retained his position and successfully debarred the hostile army from Rome; but, on the other hand, the Romans were obliged to take the oath of allegiance to the emperor, while Sergius crowned Louis king of the Lombards and appointed Drogo of Meth papal vicar north of the Alps. At the same time, Sergius maintained an unfavorable attitude toward Ebo of Reims (see EBo) and Bartholomew of Narbonne, who had been suspended because of their sympathy with Lothair, though later, at the instance of the emperor, he sided with Ebo against Hinemar of Reims (q.v.). During this pontificate the city of Rome was sacked, and the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul were plundered by the Saracens is Aug., 846, the pope dying shortly afterward, Jan. 27, 847.

(A. HAVcs.)

BxRLzOGRAPBY: Inter pontfflcalia, ed. L Dueheme ii. 88 eqq., Paris, 1894' Jaffb, Repesta, pp. 327-328; R. Baxmann, Die Potiti% der Pupate, i. 349, Elberfeld, 1888; A. von Reumont, Geschichte der Stadt Rom, ii. 198, Berlin, 1888; M. Heimbueher, Die Papatmahien unter den Karol ingern, pp . 149 sqq. Augsburg, 1889; GStz, in Z%G, xv (1890), 342 aqq.; J. Langen, Geachichte der rtimischen Ruche, ii. 822, Bonn. 1885; F. Gregoroviue, Hint. of the City of Rome, ii. 180-183, 190, iii. 83-85, 91, London, 1894-95; Bower, Popes, ii. 215-218; Platina, Popes, i, 218-220; Mil-an, Latin Christianity, iii . 18; Hauck, HD. u. 512-513; and especially Mann, Popes, ii. 232-257; Ceillier, Auteurz aacrh, xii. 408.

Sergius III.: Pope 904-911. On the death of Theodore II., in 897, he was, although only in deacon's orders, the candidate of a faction of the populace for the papal throne, but, being forced to yield to John IX. (q.v.), he took refuge with the Margrave Adalbert in Tuscany, where he remained until the deposition of Christophorus (q.v.) in 904, when he returned to Rome, being enthroned probably Jan. 29 of the same year. He rebuilt the Lateran, which had been destroyed by an earthquake, and condemned the validity of all ordinations by Formosua (q.v.). His death occurred in May, 911.

(A. HAucg.)

BIBmoaRAPBT. Libor pont(ffcaiis, ed. L. Ducheene, if. 238, Paris, 1892; Jaffls, Rqgesta, p. 445; J. M. Watterich, Romanorum pontifiwum . . roitcr, i. 32. 37, 85, 880 aqq.. Leipsic, 1882; Mann, Popes iv. 119-142; A. von Reumont, Geschichte der $tadt Rom, ii. 227, Berlin, 1888; R. Baxmann, Die Politik der PBpte, ii. 78, Elberfeld,1889; J. Laagen, Geachichte der rsmischen $irche, iii. 313, Bonn, 1892 F. Gregorovius, Hist. of the City of Rome, iii. 217, 220, 231-248, London, 1895· Hefele, ConcaienesAickte, iv. 574; Bower, Popes. ii. 308-307; Plating, Popes, i. 243-244· Milman, Latin Christianity, iii . 155-158; Cal7_ lier, Auteurs eacrbs, xii. 741-743.

Sergius IV.: Pope 1009-1012. He was a Roman by birth, and after having been bishop of Albano, was raised to the papal throne in July, 1009. The sole traces of his brief pontificate, which was ended

by his death in June, 1012, are a number of privileges to monasteries. He is especially noteworthy as the first pope to adopt a new name on election, his original name having been Peter. (A. HAUCS.)

BxRrtoaasPav: Lsber ponttRcalia, ed. L. Duoheene, H. 287, Paris, 1892; Jaff_. Repeats, p. 504; J. M. Watterich, Romanxum pontificum , vitas, i. 89-89, 700. Leipaic, 1882; A. von Reumont, (3eachichte den $tadt Rom, ii. 227, Berlin, 1888; J. Langen, Geschichte der rinnischen Rirohe, iii. 403; Mann. Popes v. 142-154: Gregomvius. Hint. of the City of Rome, iv. I1-13, London, 1898; Bower, Popes, ii. 334-335; Plating, Popes, i. 288-287; Milman, Latin Christianity, iii . 222; Ceilliar, Auteurs aner6a, aiii. 84, 189190.

SERGIIJS AHD BACCHUS: Two Syrian martyrs of the early fourth century. According to the Acts and Passio (see bibliography) Sergius and Bacchus were two officers in the service of Emperor Maximinus Daja of Syria (30"r313), and were so trusted by him that they were accorded his complete confidence and high rank at the palace. But they were denounced to the emperor by jealous enemies as Christians. He then ordered them to betake themselves to the temple of Jupiter, and upon their refusal had them dressed in women's garments and led through the streets of the city, and afterward sent them to Antiochus, prefect of Barbalissus (Beth Balash). After vain attempts to detach them from their faith, Bacchus was beaten to death with thongs, while Sergius wan compelled to put on sandals through the soles of which nails had been driven, and was led to Resaph in Commagene and there beheaded. The fame of the martyrs spread very early, and a church in Easters Syria is said to have been dedicated in their honor as soon as 354 (P. Le Bas and W. H. Waddington, Voyage archkologique en Grbce et en Aaie Minettre, vol. iii., no. 2124, Paris, 1847), while in 512 another was dedicated to them and to Leontius in 512. To one of the churches dedicated to Sergius Justinian's consort Theodore presented a jeweled cross, afterward carried away by the Persians and restored to Gregory of Antioch by Chosroea of Persia in 593. The repute of the martyrs spread into the West. At Rome there was an oratorium on the north side of the Vatican basilica (Rbmische Qttartalachrift, 1896, p. 243), tend still another memorial to both martyrs in Rome is attested by the Liter pontiftculia (ed. Ducheane, i. 512, Paris, 1886). In France and elsewhere their names were honored, as by a cloister at Angers and a

ehrEtiertnes de la Gaule, i. 305, Paris, 1856). In Christian art they are represented in armor with palm branches. Their day in both the Eastern and the Western churches is Oct. 7.

BrRnrooasPav. Sources are the anonymous Acts and the account by Simeon Metaphrastee, with commentary in ASA Oct., iii. 833-8d3, partly also in MPL, cxv. 1005 eqq.; cf. the Acts martyrum d sanctorum of P. Bedjsa, iii. 283 eqq., Paris, 1892· the Greek Pasaio in Analata Boliandiana xiv (1895), 373 eqq.; and the " Hymn " of Walafrid $trabo in MGH, Poet. Lat. anri Car., ii (1884),

418-419. Consult further. J. Wolf, Die heaipen Mar. tyrer Serpiw and Bacchus Rirolaenpatronen zu ICreuseber, Gottingen, 1823; ICL, xi. 192-193; DCB, iv. 81817.

SERGIUS CONFESSOR: Mentioned by Photiua as the author of a history of the political and ecclesiastical events during the first eight years of the