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rl THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG

return to Italy, he became auditor of the Rota, director of the Penitentiary, secretary for extraordinary ecclesiastical affairs, and canon of St. Peter's. In 1894 he was created cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Portico. He is also archivist of the Curia and prefect of the Index, and has taken a prominent part in the discussion concerning the validity of Anglican orders.

SEGNERI, sAn-y6'A, PAOLO: Italian Jesuit; b. at Nettuno (31 m. s.s.e. of Rome) Mar. 21, 1624; d. at Rome Dec. 6,1694. He entered the Society of Jesus (1637); was ordained priest, 1652; and from then until 1665 he taught in a Jesuit school at Pestoia. From 1665 to 1692 he spent half of each year in retirement, and the rest in traveling as a missionary throughout northern Italy. He became the foremost preacher among the Jesuits in Italy, and has been styled the " restorer of Italian eloquence." His sermons were modeled upon Chrysostom's. When the Jesuits at Rome perceived that Quietism (see MOLINOs, MIGUEL DE) was slowly undermining Romanism, and particularly Jesuitism, they sent him " a bundle of Quietistic books with directions to prepare an antidote to them." So in 1680 he published at Florence a small volume with the title, Concordia tra la fatica a la Quiete (" harmony between effort and Quiet "), in which without naming Molinos, or disparaging the contemplative life, he endeavored to show that the successful prosecution of Quietism was possible only to a few. His book raised, however, a storm of opposition from the then powerful Quietists, and was put on the Index. He prudently remained away from Rome. In 1692 Pope Innocent XII. called him to Rome as his preacher-in-ordinary, and theologian of the penitentiary. His Opere appeared in Venice in 4 vols., 1712, and later; also Milan, 1845-47 (best edition). His best-known work is It Quaresimale (thirty-four Lenten sermons, Florence, 1679; Eng. transl. by James Ford, Sermons from the Qvaresimale of . . . P. Segneri, 3 vols., London, 1857-61, 4th ed., 1869, reprinted 2 vols., New York, 1872). Besides this, there have been translated: The Devout Client of Mary Instructed (London, 1724; 1857); The Knowledge of Ourselves (1848); Father. Segneri's Sentimenti; or, Lights in Prayer (1876); Panegyrics (1877); Manna of the Soul (2 vols., 1879); Practice of Interior Recollection with God (1881).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: G. Massei, Breoe Rapgua®lio della Vita del . P. Segneri, Venice, 1701; E. P. Hood, Lamps,

Pitchers, and Trumpets, vol. i., London, 1867; J. Bigelow, Molinos the Quietist, pp. 18-24, New York, 1882; KL, xi. 70-71.

SEGONDD, Wgen, JACQUES JEAN LOUIS: Swiss Protestant theologian; b. at Plainpalais, Geneva, Oct. 4, 1810; d. at Geneva June 18, 1885. He studied at the universities of Geneva, Strasburg, and Bonn; was pastor of the Geneva National Church at Chgnes-Bourgeries, 1840-41; founded a society at Geneva for the exegetical study of the New Testament which lasted 1836-41, and gave free lectures in the university on Old-Testament exegesis; lectured on Old-Testament introduction, 1862-64; and was professor of Old-Testament exegesis, 1872-85. His fame rests upon his translation, at the request of the Venerable Company of Pas-

tore of Geneva, La Sainte Bible; Aneaen Testament (2 vols., Geneva, 1874), Le Nouveau Testament (1880); reprinted by the University Press (Oxford, 1880). His other works include Ruth (Geneva, 1834); L'Eccldsiaste (1835); De voce Scheol et notione Orci apud Hebrwos (1835); De la nature de l'inapiration chez les auteurs et dans les 6crits du Nouveau Testament (1836); TraW 416mentaire -des accents h6breux (1841); Soirges chr6tiennes (2 sir., 1850; new sir., 1871); G6ographie de la terre sainte (1851); Rkita bibliques d l'usage de la jeunesse (1862); Chrestomathie biblique (1864); and Le yrophRe Esaie (1866).

SEIDEMANft, adi'de-man, JOHANN KARL: German Lutheran; b. at Dresden Apr. 10, 1807; d. there Aug. 5, 1879. He was educated at the University of Leipsic (1826-28), and, after teaching in his native city in various institutions, was called in 1834 to the pastorate of Eschdorf, not far from Pillnita. Here he remained until his retirement from active life in 1871. The first noteworthy work of Seidemann was his Eschdarf and Dittersbach (Dresden, 1840), supplemented, twenty years later, by his Ueberlieferungen zur Geschichte von Eschdorf, Dittersbach and Umgegend (1860). His first book was quickly followed by a series of monographs on the history of the Reformation in Saxony: Thomas Mtanzer (Dresden, 1842); Die Leipziger Disputation im Jahr 1519 (1843); Karl von Miltiz (1844); Erlduterungen zur Reformationsgeschiehte durch bisher unbekannte Urkunden (1844); and Beitrdge zur Reformationsgeschichte (2 parts, 1846-48).

After 1846 Seidemann became more and more interested in the writings of Luther. In 1856 he published at Berlin the completion of W. M. L. de Wette's edition of Luther~Eletters, and three years later he issued forty-one additional letters of the Reformer in his Lutherbriefe (Dresden, 1859). In 1872 he edited the diary of Anton Lauterbach, which had recently been discovered by F. Schnorr von Carolsfeld (Dresden, 1872); and three years later published D. Jakob Schwenk, der vermeintliche Antinomer, Freibergs Reformator (Leipsic, 1875). In 1874 he discovered, in the Dresden library, Luther's earliest lectures on the Psalms-an autograph-which he edited under the title of Luthers erste and dlteste Vorlesungen uber die Psalmen dus den Jahren 1513-16 (Dresden, 1876), of which only the first volume appeared. When he died, he had nearly completed the collection of material for a critical edition of Luther's " Table-talk." He may be considered the founder of modern research concerning Luther, though he was a collector and investigator rather than a historian.

(T. KOLDE.)

Ar seehaiache Geschichte, i (1880), 94 sqq.; C. Krafft, in Zeitachrift des bergischenGeschichtsvereins, xvi (1881), 257258; ADB, xxxiu. 62730.

SEISS, sais, JOSEPH AUGUSTUS: Lutheran (General Council); b. near Graceham, Md., Mar.