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BIBLIOGRAPHY: A. Kleinaehmidt, Die Sdkularisation vom 1803, Berlin, 1878; F. A. Gasquet, Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries, rev. ed., London, 1899; M. Anglade, De la skularisation yes biers de clerya sur la revolution, Paris, 1901; M. Emberger, Die SBkularisation in iViirttembet'D, 1802-10, Stuttgart, 1902; H. Reimers, Die Sakularisation der Kl6ster in Ostlriesland, Aurieh, 1908; K. Sehornbaum, Die Sakularisation yes Klosters Heidenheim, Neuendettelsau, 1906; F. Kdrholz, Die Sakularisation and Organisation in den preussischen EntschadipunpsZtindern . . . 180.9-0t1, MGnster, 1907; M. Pfeiffer, Bettrage zur Geachichte der Secularisation in Bamberg, Bamberg, 1907; A. M. Seheglmann, Geschichte der Sakularisalion im rechtarheinischen Bayern, 3 vols., Regensburg, 1903-08; KL, x. 1526-34.

SEDES VACANS: The ecclesiastical term for a " vacant see." For the principles and practise governing in case of vacancy of the papal see, see POPE, PAPACY, PAPAL SYSTEM. The cases here considered are those of actual and constructive vacancy in ordinary bishoprics.

An episcopal vacancy occurs through death, abdication, translation, deposition, and the like; and lasts till the occupancy has been regularly renewed. In such a case, the episcopal jurisdiction devolves upon the Chapter (q.v.), which [in the Roman Catholic Church], within eight days as reckoned from the moment of certified knowledge that the vacancy has begun, must appoint one or more stewards, and a capitulary vicar (see VICAR); the latter may be the former episcopal vicar general. In case the chapter is dilatory, or if no chapter attaches to the vacant church, the right of nomination devolves, in connection with a suffragan church, on the metropolitan; in the case of a metropolitan church, on the eldest suffragan bishop; in the case of an exempt church, on the bishop nearest. Where the vacant church has no chapter, if at the time the metropolitan church itself is without an archbishop, the nomination devolves on the metropolitan chapter. According to the Council of Trent the capitulary vicar is expected to be at least a doctor or licentiate in canon law. Where a suitable person is present in the chapter, selection must be made accordingly. The capitulary vicar exercises his vested rights independently, like the bishop, until the renewed occupancy of the episcopal see and may not by the chapter be deprived of his administration. In general, pending the election, episcopal rights which emanate from the " episcopal standing " or from papal delegation continue dormant, except as the Curia makes provision to the contrary or as the situation demands the summoning of a bishop from ~,i without. The principle prevails that during the interim no alteration may be undertaken of a nature prejudicial to the future bishop. In particular, the episcopal revenues for the interim period are not to be employed, except that the capitulary vicar's salary may be defrayed therefrom. The vacancy ceases with the new bishop's official occupancy.

A distinction is drawn between actual and constructive episcopal vacancy, as when the bishop is hindered from undertaking his incumbent administration. In case this obstruction is only partial, a coadjutor acts; but if it be absolute, a procedure then ensues parallel to the case of actual episcopal

vacancy. But the situation is different where communication with the bishop is still possible; in that case his jurisdiction is not suspended so obviously, and his appointed vicar general may officiate. After the vicar general's death, the appointment of a new vicar general appertains to the pope, the chapter not being authorized to install a vicar.

E. SEHLING.

In the Anglican communion the arrangements for the administration of a vacant see and for filling the vacancy vary in different parts. In England the administration of the diocese falls during a vacancy largely to the Chapter (q.v.; which is supposed always to be the bishop's council), with certain prerogatives reserved to the metropolitan of the province. A bishop is of course called in to perform any distinctly episcopal function, but he has no jurisdiction or power beyond that which is distinctly committed to him for the occasion. The crown nominates a successor to the vacant see, but he must be elected by the chapter.

SEDGWICg, sej'wic, DANIEL: English hymnologist; b. at London Nov. 26, 1815; d. there Mar. 10, 1879. He was originally a shoemaker, became a dealer in second-hand books in 1837, and fell in with collectors, mainly of theological literature. In 1839 he united with the Baptists. Being fond of hymns, he bought the old books containing them, and about 1840 began the systematic collection and study of texts and editions, and, at the same time, taught himself writing. He gradually acquired a unique library, and a knowledge of the subject long unrivalled. The popularity of Roundell Palmer's Book of Praise (London, 186:3) and the care Sedgwick had bestowed in making it a model of accuracy in texts, dates, and ascriptions of authorship, established his reputation; and thenceforth the compilers of nearly every prominent English hymnal availed themselves of his help. He published Catalogue of Scarce Religious Poetry, containing a Choice Collection of Original Psalms, Hymns, and Poems (London, 1859) ; a series entitled English Hymn Writers; Reprinted Verbatim from the Originals, with Biographical Sketches, including such names in single volumes as John Ryland, William Williams, and A. Al. Toplady; and Comprehensive Index of Nantes of Original A nthors of Hymns (1860). BIBLIOGRAPHY: Julian, Hymnology, pp. 1036-37; DNB, IL