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SCHWERIN, shv6-rW: A former German diocese, established in the second half of the twelfth century, and secularized about the middle of the seventeenth. It replaced the short-lived diocese of Mecklenburg, which had come to an abrupt end on the martyrdom of its bishop, Johannes Scotus, by the Wends in 1066. On Sept. 25, 1149, Archbishop Hartwich consecrated Emmehard bishop of Mecklenburg, but the opposition of Henry the Lion seems to have prevented him from ever entering his nee, and in 1160 Henry conferred the bishopric on a Cistercian named Berno, then resident at Schwerin. Meanwhile this city had become the seat of a German count and the principal town of the Abodritians, and the new prelate accordingly made Schwerin his see city. The boundaries of the diocese were henceforth formed by a flat curve from the Bay of Wismar to the Elde on the west, the coast from the Bay of Wismar to the Greifawalder Bodden on the north, and by the diocese of Havelberg (q.v.) on the south. On the east the boundary was long uncertain, but in 1260 it was finally decided that the strip of territory between the Recknitz and the Trebel should belong to the diocese of

Until the end of the episcopate of Brunward (1192-1238) the diocese of Schwerin suffered much from the hostility of the pagan Wends, but despite all obstacles the cause of Christianity triumphed. The bishops came to rank as princes of the empire, although subject to the archbishop of Bremen. In the administration of Magnus (1516-50), who was also duke of Mecklenburg, the Reformation practically put an end to the diocese, the bishop himself openly declaring for Lutheranism in 1553. His cousin and successor, Ulrich I. (1550-1603), whose election was never confirmed by the pope, was most contemptuous in his treatment of the ancient faith. The succeeding " administrators " of the diocese were insignificant, and in 1648, at the Peace of Westphalia, Duke Adolph Frederick of MecklenburgSchwerin received the bishopric as a hereditary principality in lieu of Wismar and other districts which Mecklenburg was obliged to cede to Sweden.

BIBLIOVBAPHT: MeckTznbur0ischea Urkuttdenbuch. 12 vole., Schwerin, 1883 sqq.; A. Rudloff, Geschichte Mecktenburpa, pp. 54 eqq.. Berlin. 1901; Hauck, RD, vole. iii.-iv.; Game, Series spiawporura, P· 310.

[NOTE: "I have examined this article, edited it, and now approve it. "-MARY BASER G. EDDY *]

I. The Official Statement: Christian Science, discovered and founded by the Rev. Mary Baker G. Eddy, is defined in the Standard Dictionary as "a system of moral end religious instruction, founded upon principles formulated by Rev. Mary Baker G. Eddy and combined with a method of treating diseases mentally. `Christian Science is based on teachings of Scripture which it interprets, giving the Christ principle and rule in divine metaphysics, which heals the sick and sinner. It explains all cause and effect as mental, and shows the scientific relation of man to God."'The full exposition of this Science is given in Mrs. Eddy's book, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, which was first published in 1875.

I. The Founder: The consideration of Mrs. Eddy's unique and extraordinary achievements as a religious reformer and as the founder and leader of a religious denomination, which in a comparatively short time has gained world-wide recognition and now commands the allegiance of a multitude of

t This approval extends, of course, only to the first part of this article, which is printed as submitted, except for changes in matters of typography and paragraphing, and in the corporation by the author of later figures and restatements made necessary by revised bases.

thinking people, naturally divides itself into four chronological periods: her early preparation for

what was to be her lifework; her discovery of Christian Science in 1866 and her pioneer work in es-

tablishing it; her career as a teacher, and her crowning success as a leader.

Mrs. Eddy was born in Bow, near Concord, N. H.,

July 16, 1821, and died at Chestnut Hill, Mass., Dec.

3, 1910. She came of Scotch-English stock and

numbered among her ancestors Capt. John Love

1. Early well of Dunstable, N. H., a famous

Prepare- Indian fighter and Gen. ,Henry

tfon. Knox of Revolutionary fame. Her

parents, Mark and Abigail Ambrose

Baker, were earnest Christians. Her mother's father, Deacon Nathaniel Ambrose, founded the

North Congregational Church of Concord, N. H., which was known as "Deacon Ambrose's church."

The Baker family was also largely interested in the establishing of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the same city. Mrs. Eddy's great-grandfather,

Captain Joseph Baker, was a member of the provincial congress and actively assisted the province to take its stand for the new republic. His sons, one of

whom was Mrs. Eddy's grandfather, were all soldiers of the American Revolution. The early trend of Mrs. Eddy's thought was markedly spiritual and philosophical, as was shown by her girlhood choice