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BIBLIOORAPRY: M. Vorbrugg, Reds am Grabs Scheibels, Nuremberg, 1843; Lebenslauf Scheibela vom oberkirchenkollegium vero$entlicht, Breslau, 1843; H. Steffens, Was ich erleble, vol. ix., Breslau, 1844; T. Wangemann, Sieben Bvcher pr.sussischer Kirehenpeschichte, Berlin, 1859; J. Nagel, Die Kampfe der evanpelisch-lutherischen Kirche in Preussen, Giitersloh, 1869; R. Roeboll, Die Geschichte der evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland, Leipsic, 1897; E. Ziemer, Die Missionathatipkeit der evanpeliach-lutheriwhen Kirche in Preussen, Elberfeld, 1904; G. Froboas, Kurze Abwehr, ib. 1905; ADB, xxx. 693-899.

SCHELHORN, shel'hsrn, JOHANN GEORG: Name of two Lutheran theologians.

1. Johann Georg the Elder: was born at Memmingen Dec. 8, 1694, and died there Mar. 31, 1773. He studied philosophy and philology at the University of Jena 1712-14 and after 1717; was librarian in his native town and co-rector at the school, 1725-32; pastor at Buxach and Hardt, near Memmingen, 1732-34, and in Memmingen after 1734; and also superintendent after 1753. His importance is that of a collector of valuable material and correspondence, first in Ammnitates literarice (14 vols., Leipsic, 1721-31). For the celebration of the Augsburg Confession in 1730 he wrote Kurzgefasste Reformationsgeschichte der Stadt Memmingen, and the fate of the Salzburg Protestants occasioned the De religionis evangelicce in provincia Salisburgensi ortu (Leipsic, 1732). A new collection appeared, Amlenitates historic, ecclesiasticte et literarice (2 vols., 1737-10), after he came into possession of the literary remains and correspondence of his deceased friend, Zacharias Konrad of Uffenbach. Among his valuable works were, De vita, fatis ac meritis Philippi Camerarii (Nuremberg, 1740); Commercii epistolaris U,f'enbachii (Memmingen, 1753-58); and Erg6tzlichkeiten aus der Kirehenhistorie and Literatur (3 vols., Leipsic, 1761-64).

BIBxdOGRAPRY: F. Braun, J. G. Schelhorn, in Beitrdpe zur bayerischen Kirchenyeschichte, vol. iv., Erlangen, 1898 (supersedes all earlier discussions); -4DB, xxx. 756-759.

SCHELL, HERMAN: German Roman Catholic; b. at Freiburg Feb. 28, 1850; d. at W drzburg May 31, 1906. He was educated at the universities of Freiburg (1868-70) and Wilrzburg (1870-73), and at the College of the Anima, Rome (1879-81); and after 1885 was professor of apologetics, comparative religion, and the history of Christian art in the University of Wurzburg, of which he was rector in 1896-97. He wrote Die Einheit des Seelenlebens aus den Prineipien der aristotelischen Philosophie entwickelt (Freiburg, 1873); Das Wirken des dreieinigen Gottes (2 vols., Mainz, 1885); Katholische Dogmatik (4 vols., Paderborn, 1889-93); Gott and Geist (2 vols., 1895-96); Katholizismus als Prinxip des Fortsehrittes (Wfirzburg, 1897); DasProblem des Geistes (1897); Neue Zeit and alter Glaube (1898); Apologie des Christentums (2 vols., Paderborn, 1901-05; 3d ed., 1907); Christus: das Evangelium and seine weltgeschichtliche Bedeutung (Mainz, 1903); Gottesglaube and naturwissenschaftliche Welterkenntnis (Bamberg, 1904); and Kleinere Schriften (Paderborn, 1908).

SCHELLING, shel'ling, FRIEDRICH WILHELM JOSEPH VON: German philosopher; b. at Leonberg (8 m. w.n.w. of Stuttgart) Jan. 27, 1775; d. at Rogatz (30 m. s.e. of St. Gall), Switzerland, Aug. 20, 1854. He studied theology and philosophy at Tubingen from 1790, and science and mathematics at Leipsic, 1796-97. With the assistance of Fichte and Goethe, he became professor at Jena, 1798-1803, where a brilliant literary and academic career opened for him. Impelled by an ardent philosophic interest, during a creative period, he made it his work to incorporate with his own the elemental principles of others as he met them successively in his career, and the result was more a stimulating influence of his vast prospective views than the establishment of enduring fundamentals. Starting out originally with the absolute idealism of Fichte, his reading of Spinoza led him to supplement this by the philosophy of nature. This was also an unfolding, as unconscious intelligence, from the absolute. He conceived this to proceed by a synthetic process from the lower inorganic to the higher organic forms, issuing into conscious intelligence in man, and he based it on the assumption of a soul of the world as the organizing principle. Works of this period were, Ideen zur Philosophie der Natur (Leipsie, 1797); Von der Weltseele (Hamburg, 1798); and Erster Entwurf eines Systems der Philosophie (Jena, 1799). The contradiction between intellectual and natural philosophy is resolved by the System des transzendentaler Idealismus (Tabingen, 1800), in dependence upon the esthetic philosophy of Kant and in connection with the romanticism of Schiller and the two Schlegels, which aimed to reconcile philosophy and poesy. As unconscious intelligence has been shown to give rise in nature to the inorganic and to a series of organisms, at the apex of which is man, the organism of conscious intelligence, so transcendental idealism reverses the point of view and submits the objective as ideal representation, or conscious production. Its highest form is art, in which the harmony of subject and object is realized. The study of Spinoza and Gior-