Page 211

Page 211

211 RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA Satisfaction 8aturninus dei nobili ecclesiastici. Appointed domestic prelate to the pope and consecrated titular archbishop of Lepanto, Satolli was sent to the United States in 1890 as the papal representative at the dedication of the Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C., and in 1892 again visited America, where he was appointed papal delegate of the Propaganda at Washington. In 1895 he was created cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Araceli and shortly afterward re turned to Rome, and was created cardinal bishop of Frascati, archpriest of the Basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano, prefect of the Congregation of Studies, and president of the Theological Academy. SATORNILOS. See SATUANINUS. SATTERLEE, HENRY YATES: Protestant Epis copal bishop of Washington; b. in New York City Jan. 11, 144; d. at Washington, D. C., Feb. 22, 1908. He was graduated from Columbia College (A.B., 1863) and the General Theological Seminary (1866); was ordered deacon in 1865 and advanced to the priesthood in 1867. He was as sistant minister of Zion Church, Wappinger's Fall, N. Y. (1865-74), and rector (1874,82); rector of Calvary Church, New York City (1882-96); and was consecrated bishop of Washington, D. C. (1896). Among his writings special mention may be made of A Creedless Gospel and a Gospel Creed (New York, 1894) and The Calling of a Christian (1902). SATTLER, MICHAEL: Leader of the South German Anabaptists; b. at Staufen (10 m. s.s.w. of Freiburg-im-Breisgau) about 1500; executed at Rottenburg (23 m. s.w. of Stuttgart) May 20 or 21, 1527. He apparently studied at Freiburg, and then entered the monastery of St. Peter in the vicinity of the same city. Here diligent reading of the Pauline epistles led him to conclude that true righteousness was to be attained in ways far different from those taught by the Roman Catholic Church and by monasticism, and, leaving the monastery in 1523, he went to Zurich, where he joined the Ana baptists and became a zealous proselytizer in 1525. He was banished on Nov. 18 and retired to his native town, only to be expelled by the Austrian govern ment, whereupon he was kindly received by Capito at Strasburg. In 1526 he went with Wilhelm Reub lin (q.v.) to the latter's home in the district of Hohenberg, south of TObingen, and developed great activity in the vicinity of Horb. At Schlatt-on-the Randen he participated, on Feb. 24,1527, in a great meeting at which he formulated in seven articles the doctrines and the constitution of the South Ger man Anabaptists, who were to form a holy com munity without association with other sects, and who were also to refrain from taking oaths, holding office, or engaging in military service, the entire scheme being one of high ideals but thoroughly im practicable. Returning to Horb, Sattler and his wife were arrested and imprisoned at Binsdorf, whence they were taken to Rottenburg and there executed, Sattler at the stake and his wife by drowning. His death created a wide-spread sensation and evoked the sympathy of both Capito and Butzer, as well as of some less well-known Protestants. The pam phlet 1Vie die Gschrift verstendiglich soll anaterachieden

and erkldrt werden (n.p., n.d.) has been attributed to him, as has the hymn Ala Christus mit seiner wahren Lehr, but the latter is certainly not his work. G. BossaRT.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Sources are: J. Beck, in Fontes rerum Aus triacarum, vol. xliii., the series published at Vienna, 1849 sqq.; the Werke of Zwingli, iii. 357 eqq.; E. Egli, Akten sammlung zur Geschichte der Zurcher Reformation, Zurich, 1879; and Bin Sendbraef Michael Sattlera an eine Gemeinds Gottes, ed. W. K6nler, Halle, 1905. Consult: G. Bossert, in Bldtter fur wurttemburgische Kirchengeschichte, 1891, passim, and 1892, pp. 1-4, 9-10; idem, in Christliche Welt, 1891, pp. 22 eqq.; A. H. Newman, Hist. of Anti-Pedo baptism, pp. 137, 243 eqq., Philadelphia, 1897; C. Ger bert, Geschichte der Serasaburger Seetenbewegung zur Zeit der Reformation, Strasburg, 1889; idem, in W. Kohlham mer, Beschresibung des Oberamta Rottenburg, i. 409 aqq.. Stuttgart, 1900; R. W olkan, Der Lieder der Wiedertdufer, Berlin, 1903; Flugachriften aus den ersten Jahren der Re formation, vol. ii., part 3, Leipsic, 1908. SATURDAY, HOLY. See HOLY WEEK, § 6. SATURN. See REmPHAN; and STAB, II.

SATURNINUS, sa-tiu°ni-nus (SATORNILOS): The head of a Gnostic school of the second century. Little is known of his sect, but the infrequency of polemic against it and the fact that it is scarcely more than an item in the catalogue of heresies imply that it was of secondary importance. Saturninus distinguished a supreme God, or "one unknown Father," and his creations, the lower "angels, archangels, powers, and potentates," chief among whom were the seven demiurges, including the God of the Jews, who sometimes appeared as hostile to the Father and sometimes midway between him and their adversary, Satan, but whose part in the cosmic process is unclear. The sole innovation known in the system of Saturninus is his concept of the creation of man. For an instant the demiurges perceived an image of the Father from the upper world of light. This awakened their longing for the higher spheres, and they sought to preserve their memory of the vision by creating man, but though he was formed in the image of the Father, he could only crawl on the earth like a worm until the Father, taking pity on him, gave him a scintillation of life. At death this scintillation returns to its home, while the earthly components of man are resolved into their original elements.

The account of Irenaus is too meager to permit of a clear knowledge of Saturninus' soteriology. It is evident, however, that he taught that the demiurges created two sorts of men, good and bad. The latter were aided by the demons, whereupon the Savior (whose merely apparent humanity is stressed) came to render them and the demons harmless and to save the good, those who, possessing the scintillation of life, believed on him. The sect is also described as ascetic; marriage and generation were traced to Satan; and some of the school were vegetarians. Prophecy (i.e., the Old Testament) was regarded as given partly by Satan and partly by the demiurges, although this statement does not exclude the possibility that Saturninus also found divine elements in it.

The data concerning Saturninus are too scanty to trace either his sources or his influence; only a fuller knowledge of the nature of his dualism would