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Bode THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG 64 3ELoerd am " Meanwhile, after Carlstadt's tract had appeared, pre senting his revised interpretation down to 1524, . there came to me a strange man, Job. Rodius, a heart so de vout, so illumined in deeds and words, that I know of no one, not even excepting Luther, . . . whom I could prefer to this man in insight and judgment. . . He is a native of the Netherlands, where he follows the same calling as Paul among the Greeks. Although recognising Luther as his teacher, he owes more, in certain articles, to Wessel. Moreover, I can note ease wondering that we profit so little by this man. This Rodius was my guest (in the autumn of 1524); and, Bible in hand, he conversed at much length with me on the question of the Lord's Supper, wherein I defended Luther's opinion against him with all my might. But I then discerned that I was no peer to this man's mind, nor equal to all his arguments; and that one can not con sistently maintain, by the Scripture, what I desired to affirm. I had to waive the corporeal presence of Christ in the bread; albeit I still hesitated concerning the certain ex planation of the words." The foregoing sketch by a contemporary discloses the significance of Rode, and likewise his influence upon the Swiss Reformed theology. The Eucharis tic dispute emanated from Rode; Luther gaged him correctly, and hence Luther's vigorous opposi tion. Just as the Strasburg and Swiss theologians proved susceptible to Rode's influence in the doc trine as to the Lord's Supper, it was also due to him that the Netherlands Church, and afterward the East Frisian Church, became estranged from the Lutheran trend. Rode later returned to Deventer, in his home country, where Gerhard Geldenhauer (Noviomagus) met him in 1525. From data con cerning Rode in the letters of Butaer and Capito, dated July 9 and Sept. 26, 1526, it appears that he married in 1526. This was why, to escape constant persecutions, he accepted a teacher's position at Norden, in Ostfriesland. Owing to Rode's aggressive intervention in the East Frisian movement, the previously Lutheran sentiment now took on a Reformed complexion. Rode, when de posed on account of his opposition to Luther, went to Wolfhusen, protected by Count Enno. Rode's widow died in 1557; the year of his own death is not known. While nothing is certainly ex tant in the way of his writings, that he produced none is hardly probable; it is not beyond reason to suppose Rode the possible author of a work with the title (Economia Christians. Rode is still men tioned along with Gnapheus and Honius in connec tion with the translation of Luther's New Testament into Dutch (Amsterdam, 1525). Yet there are serious doubts in the matter. L. SCHULZE. BIBLIOGRAPHY: The first source is the Doesburg Chronicle, in part published by W. Moll, in Kerkhidorixh Archief, iii. 108-115, Amsterdam, 1862; then A. R. Hardenberg s Vita Wessdii, prefixed to the Opera of Wessel, Groningen, 1614 (cf. the literature under WEssEL); and D. Gerdes, Introductio in hilt. Evanpetii seculo %V1., i. 228-331, Groningen, 1744. Consult A. J. Van tier Aa, Bio praphiach Woordenboek van tier Nederlanden, xvi. 302, Haarlem, 1852 sqq.; W. Moll, Kerkpewhiedenis van Neder land, 2 vols., Arnhem and Utrecht, 1864-71; J. G. de Hoop-Scheffer, Gewhiedenia tier Kerkheroorminp in Neder land, pp. 30, 90-91, 105-106, 263, 316 et passim, Amster dam, 1873; T. Kolde, Martin Luther, ii. 557-578, Gotha, 1884; O. Clemen, Hinne Rode in Wittenberg, Basel, Za rich, . , in ZKG, xviii (1898), 346 uqq.; J. K8stlin, Martin Luther, ed. Kawerau, Berlin, 1903; ADB, Vol. xxu. RODGERS, JOHN: Presbyterian; b. at Boston Aug. 5, 1727; d. at New York May 7, 1811. He received his education under Samuel Blair and
Gilbert Tennent (qq.v.); was licensed Oct., 1747; pastor at St. George's, Del., 1749-65; and at New York, 1765-76, and from the the close of the Revolutionary War till his death. In 1789 he was elected moderator of the first general assembly of the Presbyterian Church, at Philadelphia. He was a stanch patriot during the Revolution, and served as chaplain in the continental army in 1776, of the provincial congress of New York, of the council of safety, and of the first legislature in 1777. He was a prominent character in church and city life. BIBLJOGRAPHY: S. Miller, Memoirs of the Rev. J. Rodgers,
Late Pastor of the Wall Street and Brick Churches in the City of New York, New York, 1813; W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, iii. 154-165, ib. 1858; E. H. Gillett, Hint. of the Pre"erian Church, vol. i. passim, Philadelphia, 1864; R. E. Thompson, in American Church Historv Series, vol. vi. passim, New York, 1895.
ROEHM, rom, JOHANN BAPTIST: German Roman Catholic; b. at Lauingen (26 m. n.e. of Ulm) Jan. 6, 1841. He was educated at the University of Munich, after which he was curate in Ettringen, Thannhausen, and Oettingen in the diocese of Augsburg, and then an instructor in religion at Augsburg, and curate and professor at the royal theological seminary in Munich. Since 1899 he has been canon of the cathedral at Passau.
He has written: AuspewdhlUe Reden den heiligen Gregor von Nazianz (Kempten, 1874); Auspewrihlte Schriften ties Oripenea (1876); Prediglen auf dem Fede tier Heiligen (Augsburg, 1876); Die Glaubensprinzip tier katholischen Kirche (Vienna, 1877); Predigten auf dem Feste tier aeligsten Junpfrau (Passau, 1879) Aufpabe tier protestantischen Theologen (Augsburg, 1882); Gedanken fiber die Union (Hildesheim, 1883); Confemionelle Lehrpepena&ze (1883); Grobe Unwahrheiten von and ilber Luther (1884); Der erste Brief an die Thessaloniker (Passau, 1885); Ein Wort llber die deutsche protestantische Schule (5 parts, Hildesheim, 1887); Zur Charakteristik tier protestantischen Polemik tier Gegenwart (1889); Zur Tetzellegends (1889); Protestantische Lehre vom Antichrist (1891); Zur Charakterlsaik ties Protestantismus in Verpanpenheit and Gepenwart (1892); Send8chreiben sines katholischen an elnen orthodoxen Theolopen (Augsburg, 1895); Der Protestantismus unserer Tape (Munich, 1897); Die Wiederroereinipung tier christlichen Konfeasionen (Mains, 1900).
ROEHR, r0r, JOHANN FRIEDRICH: German Lutheran of the rationalistic school; b. at Rossbach (24 m. s.w. of Leipsic) July 30, 1777; d. at Weimar June 15, 1848. After completing his education at the University of Leipsic, he was appointed assistant preacher at the university church of the same city, and then taught for two years at Pforta (1802-04). He was then pastor at Ostrau, near ZeitZ, until 1820, when he was called to become chief pastor at Weimar, where he passed the remainder of his life. He was likewise chief court preacher, supreme consistorial and ecclesiastical councilor, and general superintendent for the principality of Weimar.
The importance of Rohr lies in his defense of popular rationalism, a position first consciously set forth in his Briefs fiber den Rationalismus (Aachen, 1813). This system was essentially the blending of two relikious truths, revealed and non-revealed (reason), the final end of religion being pure morality; the divinity of Christ was categorically denied. Rohr's views were received with so little favor that in the second and third editions of his Grundand Glaubenssdtze tier evangelisch-protestantischen Kirche (Neustadt-on-the-Oder, 1834, 1844) he was