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tion of the Revised Version of the Bible, besides being a member of the general assembly's committee to revise the proofs of the Westminster Standards. He translated and edited the sections on Romans (except chaps. i.-v.), Galatians, Ephesians, and Colossians for the American edition of J. P. Lange's commentary (New York, 1869-70); contributed (in collaboration with P. Schaff) the portions on Matthew, Mark, and Luke (1879), Romans (1882), and Ephesians and Colossians (1882; thesetwo independently) to P. Schaff's Illustrated Popular Commentary; and the volumes on Mark (1881), Luke (1883), and Romans (18&4) to the same scholar's Internotianal Revision Commentary; edited Mark and Luke in the American edition of H. A. W. Meyer's Com mentary on the New Testament (New York, 1884); revised E. Robinson's Harmony of the Four Gospels in Greek (Boston, 1885), Harmony of the Four Gospels in English (1886); and revised the Didache, II Clement, Pseudo-Clementine Literature, and the New-Testament Apocrypha for the American edition of The Ante-Nicene Fathers (New York, 18861888), as well as Chrysostom's " Homilies on Matthew " and Augustine's " Harmony of the Gospels " for the first series of The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers (1888); and wrote Story of the Revised New Testament, American Standard Edition (Philadelphia, 1908).

RIDGEWAY, CHARLES JOHN: Church of England bishop of Chichester; b. at High Roding, near Dunmow (32 m. n.e. of London), July 14, 1841. He received his education at Trinity College, -Cambridge (B.A., 1863; M.A., 1884; D.D., 1905); was curate of Christ Church, Tunbridge Wells, 18661868; vicar of North Malvern, 1868-75; rector of Buckhurst Hill, 1875-80, being also diocesan inspector at St. Albans, 1876-80; rector of St. Paul's, Edinburgh, 1880-84; vicar of Christ Church, Lancaster Gate, 1884-1905, serving also as select preacher at Cambridge in 1893, to which office he was again called in 1905; Golden lecturer at St. Margaret's, Lothbury, 1896-1905; prebendary of St. Paul's, 1899-1905; rural dean of Paddington, 1901-05; commissioner to the archbishop of Capetown, 19001905, to the bishop of North China, 1901-05, and to the bishop of Shantung, 1904-05; dean of Carlisle, 1905--08; and was consecrated bishop of Chichester, 1908. He is the author of: Foundation Truths: a Course of Instruction; (Edinburgh, 1884); Holy Communion. Instructions and Devotions (London, 1887); The Mountain of Blessedness (1888); Is not this the Christ ? A Course of Sermons (1889); Confirmation; or, the Laying on of Hands (1898); What does the Church of England Say ? (1899 ); In Paradise (1904); Story of the Prayer Book (1906); The King and his Kingdom, and Other Sermons (1906) ; Social Life (1907); and Short Family Prayers (1908).

RIDLEY, NICHOLAS: English Reformer and martyr; b. near Willimontswyke (30 m. w. of Newcastle), Northumberland, early in the sixteenth century (15007); d. at the stake at Oxford Oct, 16, 1555. After studying at the grammar-school at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, he entered Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1518, where he later became fellow. X.-3

In 1527 he took orders and went for further study to the Sorbonne, Paris, and to Louvain. Returning to England, he rose to the position of senior proctor at Cambridge, 1533. As proctor he signed the decree against the papal supremacy, 1534. He was already much sought after as a preacher. Cranmer made him his domestic chaplain and vicar of Herne, East Kent. In 1540 he was appointed king's chaplain and master of Pembroke Hall, in 1541 canon of Canterbury, in 1545 canon of Westminster, and in 1547 bishop of Rochester. During the reign of Edward VI., Ridley was active in promulgating the new views. In 1545, and partly in consequence of the perusal of Ratramnus' De corpore et sanguine Domini (Eng. transl., The Book of Bertram the Priest Concerning the Body and Blood of Christ in the Sacrament, London (1549, 1686, and often, latest, 1880) he publicly renounced the doctrine of transubstantiation. He was deputed to set forth the Reformed views in York, Durham, and other dioceses, and in 1549 to place Protestantism on a firm basis at Cambridge. He sat on the commission that deposed Bonner, bishop of London, and Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, and in 1550 was promoted to Bonner's place. Foxe instances, as a sign of his goodness, that for months he entertained Bonner's mother at his palace, assigning to her the place of prominence at the table, and contrasts Ridley's spirit with the severity of Bonner. His deep interest in the unfavored classes led him to make suggestions to King Edward which found ultimate expression in the foundation of three hospitals in London, St. Thomas, Christ, and Bethlehem. Ridley's name is indissolubly associated with the names of Cranmer and Latimer as a foremost leader and a martyr of English Protestantism. Mary, who had taken offense at a visit Ridley had made her and his offer to preach in her presence, on her accession to the throne quickly ordered his deposition, reinstating Bonner as bishop of London, July 20, 1553. Ridley was committed to the Tower from which he was removed to Oxford, where he was held a prisoner in Bocardo jail and the mayor's house. On Apr. 17, 1554, he was called upon to stand trial in the Divinity School, Oxford, and was declared a heretic. The Spanish friar, Soto, labored in vain to turn him back to the old faith. After the passage of the new statutes on heresy, the prisoner was summoned again, Sept. 30, 1555, by Archbishop Pole, and was convicted and condemned to the flames. In company with Latimer, he was burned in " the ditch " over against Balliol Hall. The night before his execution he said to some friends with whom he supped: " I mean to go to bed, and, by God's will, to sleep as quietly as ever I did in my life." Arrived at the stake, he ran to Latimer, embraced him, and kissed him. A " scant sermon, in all a quarter of an hour," as Foxe puts it, was preached by Dr. Smith, which Latimer and Ridley were both ready to answer but they were denied the opportunity. Promised life, if he would recant, Ridley replied, " So long as breath is in my body, I will never deny my Lord Christ and his known truth." He gave his clothes to the bystanders, and was bound to the stake by an iron chain. When the faggots were being lighted, Latimer spoke to Ridley the famous words, " Be of