KING, WILLIAM: Archbishop of Dublin; b. at Antrim, Ireland, May 1, 1650; d. at Dublin May 8, 1729. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1670; M.A., 1673; D.D., 1689), and took orders in 1674. He became provost of the cathedral church of Tuam 1676, chancellor of St. Patrick's and rector of St. Werburgh's 1679, dean of St. Patrick's 1689, bishop of Derry 1691, and archbishop of Dublin 1703. For espousing the cause of William of Orange he was imprisoned by James II. in 1688 and again in 1690, but was liberated after the defeat of James' army at the battle of the Boyne (July 1, 1690). Though a Whig, he was an Irish patriot, and defended vigorously the interests of the Irish against the encroachments of the English. His major work is De origine mali (Dublin and London, 1702; Eng. transl. by Edmund Law, London, 1731), which attempts, on a Lockean basis, to reconcile the existence of evil with the goodness of God. The work attracted considerable attention, and was criticized by Bayle, Leibnitz, and others. King also published a number of sermons and The State of the Protestants in Ireland under the Late King James' Government (London, 1691), an important vindication of the principles of the Revolution.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The chief authority is J. Ware, Archiepiscoporum Casseliensium et Tuamensium vitae, Dublin, 1626; very valuable is A Great Archbishop of Dublin. William King, his Autobiography, Family, and a Selection from his Correspondence, ed. Sir Charles Simeon King, London, 1908. For other scattered references consult DNB, xxxi. 163-167.

KINGDOM, BROTHERHOOD OF THE: An organization having for its aim the study of the teachings of Jesus regarding the kingdom of God and the realization of these teachings in a spirit of brotherhood. There are no officers except an executive committee elected annually, with chairman, and corresponding and recording secretaries. The Brotherhood was founded in Dec., 1892. Shortly thereafter the compilation of a series of essays on the kingdom in its various relations was suggested and the work of their preparation was undertaken by a small group of men. Later, it was agreed that the writers should meet at Marlborough on the Hudson, N. Y., in the month of August, 1893, for the purpose of comparing their essays and bringing them into a full agreement and unity. The simple basis of organization, entitled Spirit and Aims of the Brotherhood, was then adopted, and the first executive committee was elected. Thirteen annual conferences have since been held, all but one at Marlborough, and a few smaller conferences have been held at various times between these annual conferences, in the city of New York and elsewhere. The first conference was attended by eleven men. The second being more largely attended and exciting considerable neighborhood interest, the meetings took on a more public character, so that in announcing the third conference it seemed desirable to extend a public invitation to all interested in the movement, and since that time the conferences have been entirely open to the public, with the exception of a short business session each morning, confined to the enrolled members of the Brotherhood. Reports of four of these conferences have been published, besides tracts, leaflets, and magazine articles from time to time.

While the Brotherhood has as yet attempted little beyond the holding of its annual conference and the putting forth of occasional expressions of opinion regarding current questions of a social and religious character in pamphlets and circulars, it has made preparation for a larger sphere of activity in the future in several ways. It has a standing committee on evangelization, whose aim is to promote evangelistic effort on a social basis. It has also a committee on foreign correspondence, through which it seeks to come into touch with those of similar views and aims in England, on the continent of Europe, and elsewhere. And latterly, as the need of more permanent organization and lateral extension has become manifest, provision has been made for local chapters of the Brotherhood, receiving their charters from it and pledged to its spirit and aims as their unalterable basis of constitution.

LEIGHTON WILLIAMS.

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