KILLEN, WILLIAM DOOL: Irish Presbyterian; b. at Ballymena (23 m. n.w. of Belfast), County Antrim, Apr. 5, 1806; d. at Belfast Jan. 10, 1902. He studied at the Belfast Academical Institution, and in 1829 was ordained minister of Raphoe, County Donegal. From 1841 he was professor of church history and pastoral theology, and from 1869 until his death was president of the Presbyterian College, Belfast. In theology he was a liberal Evangelical. He wrote: The Ancient Church (London, 1859); Memorial of John Edgar (Belfast, 1867); The Old Catholic Church from the Apostolic Age to A.D. 755 (Edinburgh, 1871); The Ecclesiastical History of Ireland from the Earliest Period to the Present Time (2 vols., London, 1875); The Ignatian Letters Entirely Spurious (Edinburgh, 1886); The Framework of the Church: A Treatise on Church Government (1890); and Reminiscences of a Long Life (London, 1901); he also continued J. S. Reid's History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland from 1733 (Belfast, 1853).

KILWARDBY, ROBERT: Archbishop of Canterbury; b. in England c. 1200; d. at Viterbo (42 m. n.n.w. of Rome), Italy, Sept. 11, 1279. He probably studied at Oxford, but certainly at the University of Paris, where he first distinguished himself as a lecturer and writer on grammar and logic. Later he joined the order of St. Dominic and devoted himself to theology, distinguishing himself in this field by dividing most of Augustine's works into chapters and prefixing to each an analysis of its contents. He was provincial prior of his order in England 1261-72, archbishop of Canterbury 1272-78, and cardinal-bishop of Porto 1278-1279. He was the first mendicant advanced to a great post in the English Church. As archbishop he held frequent synods. Those of 1273 and 1277 mark important developments in the representation of the lower clergy. On leaving England in July, 1279, he took with him, along with other property of the see, all the records of Canterbury. To this day the oldest records of the see date from the time of Archbishop Peckham, Kilwardby's successor. Kilwardby was a voluminous writer, and in his day he was widely studied. Manuscripts of his De ortu scientiarum, his most important work, are preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, and in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Sources are: N. Trivet, Annales sex regum Angliae, ed. T. Hog; London, 1845; and in the Rolls Series: Annales Monastici, 5 vols., London, 1864-69 (consult Index); Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I. and II., ed. W. Stubbs, 2 vols., ib. 1882-83; Bartholomew of Colton, Hist. Anglicana, ed. H. R. Luard, London, 1859. Consult: J. Quétif and J. Echard, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum, i. 374-380, Paris 1719; W. F. Hook, Archbishops of Canterbury, iii, 304-326, 12 vols., London, 1860-76; J. B. Hauréau, Hist. de la philosophie scolastique, II., ii. 28-33, Paris, 1880; DNB, xxxi. 120-122.