JACOBS, HENRY EYSTER: Lutheran; b. at Gettysburg, Pa., Nov. 10, 1844. He was graduated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, in 1862, and Gettysburg Theological Seminary in 1865. After being a tutor in Pennsylvania College in 1864-67, he was a home missionary at Pittsburg, Pa., in 1867-68, and then pastor and principal of Thiel Hall, Phillipsburg, Pa. (now Thiel College, Greenville, Pa.), in 1868-70. In 1870 he returned to Pennsylvania College as professor of Latin and history (1870-80), classics (1880-81), and Greek (1881-83). Since 1883 he has been professor of systematic theology at the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, of which he has also been dean since 1894. Besides editing The Lutheran Review from 1882-96, he has translated and edited L. Hutter's Compend of Lutheran Theology (in collaboration with G. F. Spieker; Philadelphia, 1867); H. Schmid's Doctrinal Theology of the Lutheran Church (in collaboration with C. A. Hay; 1875); The Book of Concord: or, Symbolical Standards of the Lutheran Church (2 vols., 1882-83); H. A. W. Meyer's Commentary on, Galatians and Ephesians (New York, 1884); and F. Düsterdieck's Critical and Exegetical Handbook to the Revelation of John (1887). He likewise edited The Lutheran Commentary (13 vols., New York, 1895-99) to which he contributed the portion on Romans and I Corinthians, and The Lutheran Cyclopaedia (1899). As independent works he has written The Lutheran Movement in England during the Reigns of Henry VIII. and Edward VI., and its Literary Monuments (Philadelphia, 1891); History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States (New York, 1893); Elements of Religion (Philadelphia, 1894); Martin Luther, the Hero of the Reformation (New York, 1898); German Emigration to America, 1709-1740 (Philadelphia, 1899); and Summary of the Christian Faith (1905).

JACOBS, JOSEPH: Jewish folklorist, historian, and critic; b, at Sydney, N. S. W., Aug. 29, 1854. He was educated at Sydney and London universities and at St. John's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1876), and also studied at Berlin. From 1878 to 1884 he was secretary of the Society of Hebrew Literature, and in 1882-1900 was secretary of the Mansion House (later Russo-Jewish) Fund and Committee, taking an active part in behalf of the Russian Jews. He has likewise devoted himself to Jewish history, and for this purpose visited Spain in 1888 to study manuscript sources, later turning his attention to the history of the Jews in England. He helped found the Jewish Historical Society of England, of which he was president in 1898-99, and also assisted in establishing the Maccabeans; and he was long a member of the executive committee of the Anglo-Jewish Association. In 1900 he settled permanently in New York, being revising editor of the JE (1901-06), and in 1906 was appointed professor of English literature and rhetoric in the Jewish Theological Seminary, also becoming editor of the American Hebrew. As a folklorist he occupies a foremost rank, and was for some years editor of Folk-Lore and honorary secretary of the International Folk-Lore Society. Among his publications special mention may be made of the following: Studies in Jewish Statistics, Social, Vital, and Anthropometric (London, 1891); Jews of Angevin England, Documents and Records (1893); Studies in Biblical Archæology (1894); Sources of the History of the Jews in Spain (1895); Jewish Ideals, and other Essays (1896); and As Others Saw Him (an imaginative life of Christ from a Jewish point of view; New York, 1903).