HOMILARIUM, hem'ri-li-eri-um: A name ap plied from the beginning of the Middle Ages to any collection of homilies, or sermons and homilies. It came to be used also for complete collections of the sermons of a single theologian, or to anthologies from the works of various authors, in which ego getical extracts from different commentaries were intermingled with sermons actually delivered. Re cent investigations have shown that homiliaria may be divided into two main groups. The first contains those compiled for the benefit of congregations. Cmsarius of Arles required all the clergy who were not competent to prepare their own sermons at least to show themselves capable of reading a sermon of some one else every Sunday; and this was imposed as an obligation by the Second Council of Vaison in 529. In consequence a great variety of homiliaria were current in Gaul, always including some of Cslmrfus's own sermons. The legislation of the Carolingian period repeated this prescription; ser mons in the vernacular were required on all Sundays and feast-days. New collections were drawn up, and no parish priest's library was complete without one of them. The homilies of Gregory the Great seem to have been specially recommended. The polleetion of Bede, in two books of twenty-five sermons each, had a long use and grew by addi tions to 140. The large collection of Alcum perished early; that which has been known as his since the fifteenth century is a rearrangement of that of Paulus Diaconus. Alcuin's original com pilation was in 1892 discovered in the Bibliotbbque Nationale in Paris. There.were two collections by Rabanus Maurus, both containing material from other preachers; of these nothing is extant except about a third of the section in the Scripture lessons for Sundays and feast-days, extending from Easter

to the fifteenth Sunday after Pentecost. Another collection passes under the name of Haimo, but is probably not older than the eleventh century.

Meantime another class of homiliaria had grown up, intended primarily for reading in the choiroffices of the clergy. A characteristic example of this sort of collection is found first in the homiliarium of Bishop Egino of Verona (d. 802), containing 202 sermons, principally from Augustine and Leo. This was surpassed in popularity by the collection of Paulus Diaconus, undertaken at the instance of Charlemagne, after whom it is sometimes called. The work was done at Monte Camino between 786 and 797, and the book officially introduced by order of Charlemagne throughout the, empire. More than a fifth of the whole number of etracts from homilies come from Maximus of Turin; neat to him the favorite author is Bede, and then come Leo, Gregory, Augustine, and ten others. It appears that this collection was partly meant for popular use, and the absence of special reference to the monastic life caused Benedict of Aniane to draw up a homiliarium of his own for the Benedictines. For clerical use that of Paulus was exceedingly popular from the fifteenth century, although the first printed editions (Speyer, 1482; Cologne, n.d.) show that it had undergone radical changes; and in 1493 a revision so radical was begun by Surgant that scarcely any thing more than the old title was left. Of this later form the Cologne edition of 1539 is reprinted in 11iPL, gcv. The homiliarium of Paulus, had on the one hand, its effect upon the development of the breviary; and, on the other, set the model for Luther's Kirehenpoatille, so that the undertaking of Charlemagne had a far-reaching influence.

(FRIHDRICn WIZ(IAND.)

BanrooaArar: Ranke, in TSK, ncviii (1855), 382-398; F. Wieeand~ Dae Homiliarium Hark des Grosses, Leipsic, 1897; R. Cruel, Geschichte der deutaehsn Predipt im Mittdalter, pp. 18-09, Detmold, 1879; L. Hahn, in Porsehurr pen sw deutwhen Gescbickfa, vies. 583-625, Gottingen, 1884; A. Lineenmayer, Geschichts der Predipt in Deutschland, pp. 41-03, Munich, 1888; Revue BJabdidine, 1892, pp. 49-81, 311f-328, 1894, 385-402, 1898, pp. 97-111, 1898, pp. 400-403; Hauck, KD, ii. 246 sqq., 888-b89. 836-837. Much of the literature under -PRRAGHINa, Hnrvosr or, deals with the subject; e. g., E. C. Dwgan, Hitt. of Preacri irw, pp. 187, 199 .qq., 304-305, New York, 1905.

HOMILIES: A collection of sermons issued by the Church of England with the title: The Two Books of Homilies Appointed to be Rend in Churches. The collection has had a noteworthy history. It relates to the labors of the English Reformers to establish their fellow-countrymen in the distinctive theology of Protestantism. The first of the two books was prepared by Archbishop Franmer during the lifetime of Henry VIII. but prudently held back until after his death, and was published on July 31, 1547. The reading of at least a portion of one of these homilies was in the preface made obligatory, in King Edward's name, upon all pariah ministers every Sunday as part of divine service, unless the said minister had preached a sermon. It was also enjoined that the homilies were to be read over and over again. As sermons were rarities in many parishes the homilies were divided into sections which would not require more than fifteen minutes to read. The first book has twelve

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and in 1838 he preached before Queen Victoria the memorable sermon, Hear the Church, in which he maintained that the bishops of the Anglican Church trace their succession back to the apostles. During an incumbency of twenty years at Leeds he rebuilt the parish church at a cost of £28,000, erected twenty-one new churches, twenty-three parsonages, and about thirty schools, and transformed the city from a stronghold of dissent into a stronghold of the Church. In 1859 he was appointed dean of Chichester. He was a prominent exponent of High-church principles, and was subjected to considerable persecution on account of his friendship for the Tractarians. His more important works are: The Last Days of Our Lord's Ministry (London, 1832); Hear the Church (1838), a sermon of which over 100,000 copies were sold; A Church Dictionary (1842; 14th rev. ed., 1887); An Ecclesiastical Biography (8 vols., 1845-52); On the Means of Rendering More Efficient the Education of the People (1846); and Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury (12 vols., 1860-76). Many of his sermons were edited by his son, Walter Hook, under the title The Church and Its Ordinances (2 vols., 1876).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: W. B. W. Stephens, Life and Letters of Walter Farquhar Hook, 2 vols., London, 1878; DNB, xxvii. 276-278.