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416 RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA lee
he was taken to Stewart County, Ga., and in the following year to Muscogee County in the same State. He was licensed to preach (1865), was admitted to the South Carolina Conference (1866), and was ordained deacon and elder (1867). He was stationed at Florence Mission, Ga. (1867), Atlanta (1867-69), Macon (1871-73), Columbus (1874-77), again at Macon (1878-80), and Atlanta (1881-88). In 1888 he was elected bishop. He has been a trustee of Wilberforce University, Ohio, vice-president of Payne Theological Seminary, president of the board of trustees of Edward Waters College, Jacksonville, Fla., and the founder of Morris Brown College, Atlanta, of which he is $lso trustee and treasurer. He is likewise president of the financial board of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and has written African Methodism in the South (Atlanta, 1890).
GALATE0, ga"ld-0'6, GIROLAM0. See ITALY, THE REFORMATION IN, § 3.
GALATIA. See ASIA MINOR, VII.GALATIANS, EPISTLE 1'0 THE. See PAUL THE APOSTLE.
GALBANUUM. See INCENSE, I., § 3. GALE, THEOPHILUS: English non-conformist; b. at Kingsteigaton (12 m. s.q.w. of Exeter), Devonshire, 1628; d. at Newington, London, Feb. or Mar., 1678. He studied at Magdalen Hall, Ox ford (B.A., 1649; M.A., 1652), and in 1650 received the fellowship of one of the ejected fellows. Afterhav ing distinguished himself as a university preacher, he accepted an appointment as preacher in Winches ter Cathedral in 1657, but retained his fellowship. At the Restoration he lost his preferments and became a tutor to the children of Lord Wharton. He traveled abroad with his pupils 1662-6.5, and on the termination of his engagement in 1666, he settled at Newington, London, as assistant pastor to John Rowe, whom he succeeded in 1677. On his death he left his theological library to Harvard College. Gale is known by his Court o f the Gentiles (parts i. and ii., Oxford, 1669-71; parts iii. and iv., London, 1677; 2d. ed., London, 1682), which is a learned attempt to trace all European languages back to Hebrew and to prove that all ancient philosophy and theology were derived from the Hebrew Scriptures. Among Gale's other works are: A True Idea of Jansenism (London, 1669); Anatomy of Infidelity (1672); and Idea Theologlci (1673).BIBLIOGRAPRT: A. a Wood, Athena thonlenltl, ii. 461. 7511, 778, London, 1692; E. Calamy, Historical Account, pp. 64-&5, ib. 1713; S. Palmer, Nonconformist's Henwrial, i. 239, ib. 1802; DNB, xx. 377-378.
GALERIUS: Roman emperor, 293-311. See DIOCLETIAN.
GALFRID, gdl'frid (GAUFRm, GOTTFRM), OF CLAIRVAU%: Cistercian abbot; d. after 1188. He was born at Auxerre, and was a pupil of Abelard, but obtained Bernard's favor in 1140, and later became his secretary (notarius). In 1159 he was made abbot of the monastery at Igny, in 1162 of Clairvaux, but had to give up this position in 1167. In 1170 he became abbot of Fossanova, near Rome, in 1176 of Hautecombe in Savoy. The most
important part of Galfrid's activity refers to Bernard of Clairvaux, of whose biography he wrote books iii.-v. and the third part of book vi., besides collecting materials. For the pdings against Gilbert of Poitiers at Reims in 1149 he collected patristic quotations against him and published them afterward (MPL, clxxxv. 595-618). At the request of the order he also wrote a biography of the archbishop Peter of Tarentaise. Commentaries on the Song of Songs, on the Apocalypse, and sermons are still extant in manuscript. Galfrid nowhere develops any new. thoughts nor does he betray any deep conception of persons and thin, but he shows a certain ability in the way of presentation. His unlimited admiration of Bernard and his hostility to Abelard and Gilbert make it necessary to accept his statements with caution.
BIHISOORAPn7: Mabillon, Introduction to the Vita· Bernardi, in MPL, dzxzv. 221 eqq.; Histoirs liWraire de la Frame, xiv. 430-451; H. Reuter, Alasander 111., vol. ii., Leipsic, 1882; G. Hailer, Der heilips BeryAard von Clairsaux, i. 27 sqq., Monster, 1886; E. Vaoandard, Vie de St. Bernard, Paris; 1895; KL. v. 932-933.
GALFRID OF VENDa11M: Abbot of the clois ter at Vend6me from 1093; d. at Angers Mar. 26, 1132. When Pope Urban II. (q.v.) fell into sore straits under the party of the antipope Clement III., Galfrid hastened to Rome and rendered such great service that he was appointed a cardinal-priest, and received still further tokens of the pope's good-will. He enjoyed favorable relations with Paschal II. as well; also with Ca,lixtua II. and Honorius Il. In church history at large, Galfrid is a factor of some significance on account of his share in the in vestiture controversy (see INVESTITURE); he be longed to those of the clergy who stoutly demanded the revocation of the privilege of investiture con ferred by Paschal II. on the German king. He was the author of certain minor teleological writings. CARL MIRBT.BuswoaRAPey: Gottfried's Npistola, libelli sad Opuwula were edited by J. Sirmond, Paris, 1610, and are also in MPL, clvii. The libdli, ed. E. Smkur, are in MGH, Libelli de life, ii (1893), 880-700. Consult: Histoire litthaire de la Francs, :d. 180; L. Compain, i¢tude ear Geoffmi de Venddme. Paris, 1891; E. Sackur, in NA, xviii (1893).666-673; C. Mirbt, Die Publisistikinzsifalt6 Grepom VII., Leipsi0. 1894.
Galilee (Hebr. Galil; Aram. Gallila, Gelila; Gk. H8 Galilaia) is the most northern district of Palestine. The form of the name indicates two distinct periods in the history of the region, the. Israelitic and the Jewish.
L The Inaelitic Period: The word Galfl or Galilah (11 Kings xv. 29) means a circle, region, district. It is used nearly in its primary sense in Isa. ix. i (cf. I Mace. v. 15), and suggests in these passages a region not in the complete possession of the Hebrews. The passage in Isaiah defines the region closely enough, mentioning on one aide Zebulun and Naphtali, on the other 11 beyond