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(O. F. FarrzscHiiit.) BIBLIOGRAPHY: A. Bnobel, Grabrede, Giessen, 1847; Aib pemeine Zeitung for CAridenthum and Ruche, 1847, no. 2; Allpemeins Kirdhanseitung, 1847, no. 26..

FRITZSCHE, OTTO FRIDOLIft: German theologian, youngest son of Christian Friedrich Fritzeche; b. at Dobrilugk (66 m. s.a.w. of Frankfort), Prussia, Sept. 23, 1812; d. at Zurich Mar. 9, 1896. He studied at Halle and became privat-docent there in 1836, but in 1837 was called as professor of theology to the University of Zurich, where he was active in his official capacity until 1893. In 1837 he was also made librarian in the theological department of the library of the canton and in 1844 chief librarian of the same library. He lectured on New Testament exegesis and church history and wrote valuable books in these fields. His exegesis is based on the new principles in linguistic research advocated by Gottfried Hermann, his older brother Karl Friedrich August Fritzsche (q.v.) and Winer. His text editions contain extensive collections of different readings and critical introductions; his edition of the Apocrypha of the Old Testament (Leipsic, 1871) is the most comprehensive and important. Notwithstanding some objections that may be raised, it is the best edition now in existence. Its chief merit lies in the collection and systematic utilization of the material collected by Holmes and Parsons for the " Oxford Septuagint " (5 vols., 1789-1827; see BIBLE VERmON3, A, L), to which Fritzsche added the Codex Sinaiticus and the fragments of the Codex Ephraemi, while for Sirach, Baruch, the Epistle of Jeremiah, and the additions in Daniel he unfortunately did not compare the Codex Vaticanus. At the end of this text edition there are to be found some of the so-called Pseudepigrapha-the Psalms of Solomon, the Fourth and Fifth Books of Ezra, the Apocalypse of Baruch, and the Ascension of Moses. The Paeudepigrapha were also published separately (1871). Fritzsche also edited the double text of the Greek translation of the Book of Esther with the Greek additions (1848-49), the Greek translation of the Book of $uth (1864) and of the Book of Judges (1866-67). Other publications belonging in the same category are-Probe einer kritisehen Ausgabe der alien lateinischen U ebersetzung ties Neum Testament" (1867), which consists of the text of the first five chapters of the Gospel of Luke; and the edition of the fragments of the old Latin translation of the Book of Judges as an appendix to the abovementioned edition of the Greek translation of the Book of Judges. Of text editions belonging to the sphere of church history may be mentionedDer Brief des Clemens an Jakobus in der lateinischen Uebersetzung des Ruftnus (1873); Die Werke des Ladantius (1842); Theoddrs von Mopm"tia exegetische Schriften z um Neuen Testament samt den Fragmeenten seiner Schrift: "De incarnations filii Dei " (1847); Anselm of Canterbury's Cur dens homo (3d. ed., 1893); Confessio Helrodiea posterior (1839). He also prepared a biography of the Zurich theologian Johann Jakob Zimmermann (1841)

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and alareanus, sein Leben and seins Schriften (1890). His principal work in exegesis is the Kurzgefaast" eaxgetwehes Handbuch z u den Apokry_ phen des Alter Teatamentes (6 vols., 1851-60), which he wrote with Willibald Grimm. It is still the best commentary on the Old Testament apoorypha. The first, second and fifth volumes are the work of Fritzsche; they comprise the third book of Ezra, the additions to Esther and Daniel, the Prayer of Manasseh, the Book of Baruch and the Epistle of Jeremiah in the first volume; the books of Tobit and Judith in the second and the book of Jesus Sirach in the fifth volume.

(V1croR RyssELt.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: V. Rywel, in Theolooiadae Zeitschritt Gus der schunia, 1896, pp. 108-123; Steiner, in TAeoiopiade Zeitechritt Gus der Schweiz, 1887.

FROESCHEL, fra'shel, SEBASTIAN: German Protestant; b. at'Amberg (35 m. e. of Nuremberg), Bavaria, Feb. 24, 1497; d. at Wittenberg Dec. 20, 1570. From 1514 till 1519 he studied at Leipsic, when he heard the disputation between Luther and. Eck in the latter year and received an impression therefrom which proved decisive for his subsequent career. Ordained deacon in 1520, and priest in 1521, he soon came into conflict with the Roman Church, and, as a result, removed to Wittenberg in the autumn of 1522. While on a visit to Leipsic in Oct., 1523, he preached a series of sermons, which led to his arrest and expulsion from the country as a heretic. After a short ministry at Halls he returned to Wittenberg in 1525 as assistant to Bugenhagen. During the remainder of his life he, served the church at Wittenberg, becoming deacon there, in 1528, and later archdeacon. He was on terms of intimacy with both Luther and Melanchthon. From 1542 to 1566 he frequently assisted in the ordination of foreign ministers at Wittenberg. In his writings he appears as the interpreter of Melanchthon. He published a Latin commentaty on St. Matthew (Wittenberg, 1558; Germ. trand., 1559; reprinted in. CR, xiv.535-1042); Catechismus (1559; 2d. ed., 1560); Von den heiligen Bngeln,vom Tetcfel, and des 3fenschm Seele (15.63); Von der Passion . . Christi (1565); ,Vom Priestatm. (1565); and Vom Kirnigre" Christi (1566). ,

BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. C. Erdmsnn, Bioymphie sammaieher Pwtoren .. . . su Witlenbem. P. 11 and Supplement, pp. 65-62, Wittenberg, 1801-08; J. C. 6eidemann, Die Leipsiger Disputation in 1518, pp. 132-134, Dresden, 1848; G. Buchwald, Zur Witlenbemer Stadi- and Uniroeraitdh tidde, Leipsio, 1893.

FROMENT, fra'!mdnl, ANTOINE: One of the men who introduced. the Reformation in Geneva; b. at Mena (25 m. a. Of Grenoble), in Dauphints, 1508; d. in Geneva Nov. 6, 1581. From 1529 he accompanied Guillaume Farel, the pioneer of the Reformed faith and preached the Gospel in western Switzerland. On Nov. 3, 1532, he went to Geneva, where the Evangelicals were still few and timid. He opened a school, and advertised that " a man had come who within a month would teach every one, men and women, great and small, to read French and to write, even if they had never been to school"; if any one did not learn in that space of time, he should have nothing to pay; sled