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Flaancke Frank THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
themselves not only in his pastoral care, but also in the field of pedagogy. In both spheres he developed the most strenuous activity, taxing his powers to the utmost. He preached twice on Sunday, conducted daily prayer-meetings and daily catechizations of children, and paid regular visits to the members of his congregation. In 1695 he opened his pauper-school in the parsonage with
the aid of a poor student, and this un3. His Phil- dertaking of Christian charity was the
anthropic seed from which all the other instiInstitutions. tutions of Francke developed. The
number of children grew rapidly, and soon larger accommodations had to be provided, and the number of teachers had to be increased. In 1696 there originated the P4dagogium which was intended chiefly for the education of boys whose parents lived out of town, and almost simultaneously the orphan asylum was established. The teaching staff of these institutions consisted for the most part of poor students who, in compensation for their services, received free board. In 1697 there was founded the so-called Latin School to prepare boys for academic studies. There was something almost miraculous in the growth and rapid development of these various institutions, and Francke revealed an extraordinary talent of organization in their management. His trust in God awakened everywhere the same spirit, and voluntary contributions poured in from far and near so that he considered his success a direct answer to his fervent prayers. In the year of his death more than 2,200 children were being instructed in his institutions, among them 134 orphans; 175 teachers and eight inspectors were employed; and about 250 students received free board. There were also added a printing-press and publishing establishment and a pharmacy which contributed a large profit to the institutions.
Not less important was Francke's interest in foreign missions. The orphanage with its numerous assistants and teachers became for a time an important center for the education of missionaries for India. Ziegenbalg, Phitschau, and C. F. Schwarz were trained in Francke's institutions and, together with the Moravians, deserve the
credit of having inaugurated the mis4. His Serv- sionary history of modern times for ice to IIIis- Germany. Another undertaking due
sions and to the influence of Francke is the Pedagogy. Bible Institute founded in 1710 .by Baron von Canatein (q.v.), a faithful admirer of Francke. F rancke also rendered great services to the cause of pedagogy. As he was free from the restrictions by the authorities, he was able to realize some of his innermost ideals. The main purpose of education was for him to lead children to a saving knowledge of God and Christ and to true Christianity. Without true love to God and man all knowledge appeared to him worthless, and he considered it the task of the higher as well as of the lower schools to further not. only Christian instruc tion, but Christian life. He hated all empty formalism and tried in every way to introduce object-lessons, and to emphasize instruction for the practical matters of life.Francke's writings were numerous, but relatively unimportant. His Pddagogische Schriften have been edited by G. Kramer, with an account of his life and institutions, as vol. xi. of the Ribliothek pbdeagogisher Klasaaker (2d ed., Langensalza, 1885). His Fussstapfen des noch lebenden Gottes, an account of his institutions (Halls, 1701, and
BIBLIOGRAPHY: G. Kramer, Beitrege zur Geschichte A. H. Franeke'e, B rwe%wecheel Franeke's and Spener's, Halls,
1861; idem, Neue Beitrage cur Geschichte F rancke's, ib. 1875; idem August Hermann Prancke . Ein Letrenabild, 2 vols., Halle, 1880-82 (the best, some mistakes in which are corrected in w. Schrader, Geschichte der Friedrichs- univereitat in Halle, 2 vols., Berlin, 1894); T. FSrster, August Hermann Franeke. Bin Lebembild, Halls, 1898. Consult also, A. Ritsehl, Geschichte des Pietismus, vol. ii.,Bonn, 1884; J. Jiingst-Btettin, Pietisten, pp. 24-38, Tii j bingen.190B.
FRANK, FRANZ HERMANN REINHOLD VON:German Lutheran; b. at Altenburg (26 m. s. of Leipsic) Mar. 25, 1827; d. at Erlangen Feb. 7, 1894. His early life was spent at Zschernitz, and in 1839 he entered the gymnasium of Altenburg, matriculating in 1845 at the University of Leipsic to study theology, philosophy and philology (Ph.D., 1850; licentiate of theology, 1851). There, under the influence of Harless, Frank underwent an entire change of views, and from a rationalist he became
subrector of a school at Ratzeburg, and two years later teacher of religion in the gymnasium of Altenburg. In 1857 he was appointed extraordinary professor of church history and systematic theology in Erlangen, and in the following year became ordinary professor; while from 1875 until his death he occupied the chair of systematic theology.
Not only as a theological leader, but also as a moral character, Frank exercised a far-reaching influence. He was thoroughly convinced of the truth of his conservative ideas; but deeply rooted as he was in Evangelical principles, he still maintained a deep interest in modern life with its aims and problems, while he was opposed to reactionary tendencies in ecclesiastical affairs, and to external authority in political relations. He may be styled the dogmatician of the " Erlangen theology." Twice his views were essentially changed-in Leipsic he was won for the old truth, in Erlangen, under the influence of Hofmann, for the " new mode of teaching the old truth."
Frank's most characteristic work was his Sys tem der christlichen Gewissheit (2 vols., Erlangen,