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Osiander, were cut off. Thus the Formula of Concord brought peace to the Lutheran Church, and for along time gave direction to the efforts of the Church in the sphere of dogmatics.

(R. SEEBEnG.)

FORNEY, CHRISTIAN HENRY: Church of God; b. at West Hanover, Pa., Oct. 17, 1839. He studied at Oberlin College, but left before taking a degree, and was ordained to the ministry in 1860. After being professor in Mount Joy Academy, ^a., and also pastor of the church of his denomination in the same village 1860-63, he held pastorates at Chambersburg, Pa. (1863--66), Fourth Street Church, Harrisburg, Pa. (1866-68), and Lancaster City, Pa. (1868-70). He was assistant editor of The Church Advocate, the organ of his denomination, 1866-69, and has been editor-in-chief since 1869. He was first chaplain of the Pennsylvania Houei of Representatives in 1868-69, and since 1866 has been president of the General Eldership of the Church of God, besides being a member of many boards and committees of the same denomination. He describes himself as " orthodox, evangelical, postmillenarian, antidenominational, three monumental ordinances-baptism, washing the saints' feet, and communion-Arminian in theology." Besides revising and editing J. Winnebrenner's Brief View of the Church of God (Harrisburg, Pa., 1885) and Sermon on Baptism (1885), and M. P. Jewett's The Mode and Subjects of Bap tism (1905), he has written The Christian Ordinances (1883) and Philosophic Basis of Ordinances and Bible Doctrine o f Sanctification (1905).

FORREST, DAVID WILLIAM: United Free Church of Scotland; b. at Glasgow May 16, 1856. He studied at the University of Glasgow (M.A., 1878), the United Presbyterian College, Edinburgh (1877-80), and the University of Leipsic (1880). He has been minister of Saffronhall Church, Hamilton (1882-87), United Presbyterian Church, Moffat (1887-94), Wellington Church, Glasgow (1894-

* The Formula of Concord consists of two parts, the Epi tome and the Solida repetitio et declaratio, each divided into twelve articles, as follows: i., of original sin; ii., of free will; iii., of justification by faith; iv., of good works; v., of the Law and the Gospel; vi., of the third use of the' Law; vii.. of the Lord's Supper; viii., of the person of Christ; ix., of Christ's descent into hell; x., of church usages and ceremonies called adiaphora; xi., of God's foreknowledge and election; xii.. of several heresies and sects. The second part repeats at greater length what is concisely stated in the Epitome with confirmatory quotations.

1899), United Free Church, Skelmorlie, Wemyss Bay (1899-1903), and North Morningside United Free Church, Edinburgh (since 1903). He was Kerr Lecturer at Edinburgh in 1897 and a lecturer at Yale in 1901. He has written The Christ of History and of Experience (Kerr Lectures; Edinburgh, 1897) and The Authority of Christ (1906).

FORSANDER, NILS: Lutheran; b. at Gladsax, Sweden, Sept. 11, 1846. He emigrated to the United States in 1870 and completed his education at Ai1gustana College and Theological Seminary, Rock Island, 111. (B.A., 1872). He was ordained to the ministry in 1873 and was pastor at Sagetown, Ill., 1873-75, Kingston, Ia., 1875-80, and Bettresda, Ia., 1880-89. Since 1889 he has been professor of theology at Augustana College and Theological Seminary. He was secretary of the Evangelical Lutheran Augustana Synod 1886-90, and in theology is a strict evangelical member of his denomination. He has been editor of the Augustana Theological Quarterly since 1900, and has written Augsburgiska bekdnnelsen med 1tirklaringar (Rock Island, Ill., 1899) and Var lutherska kyrkas stallning till andre kyrkosamfund (1906).

FORSTER, CHARLES: English clergyman and author; b. 1790; d. at Stisted (35 m. n.e. of London), Essex, Aug. 20, 1871. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin, and was perpetual curate of Ash, Kent, 1834-38, rector of Stisted, near Braintree, Essex, 1838-71, and also one of the six preachers in Canterbury Cathedral 1835-71. He opposed Biblical criticism and aimed in a number of works, now sought as curiosities, to justify the strictest literal interpretation of Scripture. Among other things he published, Critical Essays on Genesis chap. xx. and on St. Matthew chap. ii. 17, 18, (Dublin, 1826); Mahometanism Unveiled (2 vols., London, 1829); The Life of John Jebb (2 vols., 1836); The Historical Geography of Arabia (1844); The One Primeval Language (3 parts, 1851-54), and Sinai Photographed, or Contemporary Records of Israel in the Wilderness (1862).

FORSTER (FOERSTER, VORSTER, FORSTHEMIUS), JOHANN: 1. Lutheran theologian and Hebrew scholar; b. at Augsburg July 10, 1496 (or 1495); d. at Wittenberg Dec. 8, 1558. In 1515 he entered the University of Ingolstadt where he became the most studious and capable Hebrew scholar of Reuchlin; on account of a pestilence he removed in 1521 to Leipsic, and became a pupil of P. Mosellanus, through whose influence, probably, he received in 1522 a position as teacher of Hebrew at the Greek-Latin school in Zwickau. In 1529 he resigned, and in 1530 became a student at the University of Wittenberg, where he remained as preacher about six years. He assisted Luther in the translation of the Bible, and became one of his most devoted pupils and friends. In 1535 he received a call to Augsburg, where he became involved in controversies with his Zwinglian colleagues. In 1539 he became professor of Hebrew at Tubingen, on the recommendation of Luther and Camerarius. The question whether the Reformation should proceed according to